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List of Full and Reduced Forms
| Full forms | Reduced Forms | Full Forms | Reduced Forms | |||
| Articles | Pronouns | |||||
| The A+C A+V | /"Di:/ /"eI/ /"{n/ | /D@/+C, /Di/+V /@/ /@n/ | you he she we her us them your some that | /"ju:/ /"hi:/ /"Si:/ /"wi:/ /"h3:/ /"Vs/ /"Dem/ /"jO:/ /"sVm/ /"D{t/ | /ju/ /hi/ /Si/ /wi/ /h3/ /@s/ /D@m/ /jO/ /s@m/ /D@t/ | |
| Prepositions | ||||||
| at from of into for to | /"{t/ /"frQm/ /"Qv/ /"Intu:/ /"fO:(r)/ /"tu:/ | /@t/ /fr@m/ /@v/ /Int@/ /Intu+ V/ /fO/ /t@/ /tu+ V/ | ||||
| Verbs | Particles | |||||
| can | /"k{n/ | /k@n/ | there to | /"De@/ /"tu:/ | /D@/ /t@/ /tu+ V/ | |
| must | /"mVst/ | /m@st/ | ||||
| shall | /"S{l/ | /S@l/ | ||||
| do | /"du:/ | /d@/ /du+V/ | ||||
| does | /"dVz/ | /d@z/ | ||||
| could | /"kUd/ | /k@d/ | ||||
| would | /"wUd/ | /w@d/ | Conjunctions | |||
| should | /"SUd/ | /S@d/ | and but than as or | /"{nd/ /"bVt/ /"D{n/ /"{z/ /"O:/ | /@nd/ /b@t/ /D@n/ /@z/ /O/ | |
| have | /"h{v/ | /h@v/ | ||||
| has | /"h{z/ | /h@z/ | ||||
| had | /"h{d/ | /h@d/ | ||||
| be | /"bi:/ | /bi/ | ||||
| been | /"bi:n/ | |||||
| am | /"{m/ | /@m/ | ||||
| are | /"A:/ | /A/ | ||||
| was | /"wQz/ | /w@z/ | ||||
| were | /"w3:/ | /w@/ | ||||
Assimilation
Assimilation is a phonetic process by which one sound under the influence of a sound near it acquires some articulation and acoustic likeness to that of other sound.
Assimilation results in the appearance of new phonemic variants. Each case of assimilation must be analysed from the following view points:
1. From the point of view of its direction it can be PROGRESSIVE, REGRESSIVE, RECIPROCAL, or DOUBLE.
2. From the point of view of its degree it can be COMPLETE, PARTIAL, INTERMEDIATE.
Directions of Assimilation
Considering its direction it is possible to distinguish 3 types of assimilation:
1. PROGRESSIVE
2. REGRESSIVE
3. RECIPROCAL, or DOUBLE.
1. In progressive assimilation the assimilated phoneme is influenced by the preceding one, e. g. programme, frail.
2. In regressive assimilation the assimilated phoneme is influenced by the phoneme following it, e. g. tall, garden.
3. In reciprocal assimilation the adjacent phonemes influence each other, e. g. train - /t/ becomes post-alveolar and /r/ becomes partially devoiced.
Degrees of Assimilation
Considering its degree assimilation can be classified into:
1. COMPLETE
2. INTERMEDIATE
3. PARTIAL
1. Assimilation is termed complete when the articulation of the assimilated phoneme fully coincides with that of the assimilating one, e. g. Does she? /™dVS Si·||/.
2. Assimilation is termed intermediate when the assimilated phoneme changes into a certain third phoneme, e. g. hand + kerchief = /"h{Nk@tSIf/.
3. Assimilation is termed partial when the assimilated phoneme acquires only some features similar to those of the assimilating phoneme.
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