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Verb suffixes

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  1. Morpheme. Structural types of words. The stem of a word. Functions of roots, suffixes, prefixes, inflections.
form examples
adjective + en broaden, deepen, threaten
adjective + ise/ize modernize, commercialise
noun/adjective + ify beatify, purify, terrify

/Adapted from “Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate”, Luke Prodromou/

 

3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Schools should ______________ (emphasis) the importance of looking after the environment because of our ____________ (depend) on it.

2. Parliament will vote on plans to ____________ (tight) up the rules on animal welfare at the time of slaughter.

3. The company ____________ (special) in the design, manufacture and ____________ (install) of air pollution control equipment.

4. It is time for the media and the general public to ____________ (real) what the real reason for the decline in our songbird populations is.

5. The German Environment Minister intends to ____________ (wide) the cooperation in the areas of water, sewage and waste management, energy ____________ (efficient) and renewable energies.

 

4. Write an appropriate suffix to complete each adjective in the following sentences.

1. Recycling is a very attract____ idea and has been a practice already with many designers of today.

2. Environmentalists are anx___ about the pollution a new coal plant might generate.

3. One of the most effect___ ways to fight global warming is to go vegetarian.

4. The proposed fine is not high considering the ill-effects of noise pollution and practic___ problems faced in controlling it.

5. The type of industr___ waste produced is an important factor in determining the most effect___ disposal method.

6. Organic food is generally more expens___ than intensively-farmed food.

7. The community has an impress___ record of recycling waste materials.

8. Along with econom___ and politic___ problems, environment___ degradation and health worries caused by the Chernobyl disaster are considered reasons for the decline in the birth rate in Belarus.

9. The country is getting addition___ money from the World Bank to help it solve its current ecological problems.

10. CFCs can cause irrevers___ damage to the environment.

 

5. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines.

THE CAR

The car has been (1) __________ successful. In one century it has come incredible
to dominate most of the world and the (2) __________ of any developed country inhabit
rely on it in all kinds of ways. Its (3) __________, though, has had worrying effects popular
on our environment. The (4) __________ of roads has meant the destruction of construct
areas of natural beauty. The (5) __________ fumes produced by car engines harm
affect us and the (6) __________ species we share the planet with. Scientists and count
other environmental (7) __________ are keen to draw attention to the dangers special
of our modern lifestyles. However, people seem (8) __________ reluctant extreme
to give up their cars. Life behind the wheel is too (9) __________ and any worries comfort
about nature and its problems are (10) __________. Unless we can get over our second
attachment to the car, we will face a (11) __________ problem of environmental grow
damage.  

/from “Skills for First Certificate. Use of English”, Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles/

 

Vocabulary 3 Word building: Prefixes

We use prefixes to change meaning. They never change the part of speech.

 

prefix meaning / use examples
de + verb/noun   opposite decentralise
remove debone
reduce devalue
dis + verb negative / opposite dislike, disembark
il+ adjective opposite used with words that begin with l illegal
im + adjective opposite used with words that begin with m or p impossible
in + adjective opposite indirect
ir + adjective opposite often used with words that begin with r irregular
un + verb/adjective negative/opposite unlock, unhappy

 

1. Write an appropriate negative prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.

1. The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency warned governors that the agency would soon ___approve some of their air pollution control plans.

2. The apparently ___logical passion to burn fossil fuels stems from three main factors: consumer demand, supplier economics and national interests.

3. Industry and environmental experts ___agree about what levels of pollutants are safe.

4. Using ethanol creates more air pollution and environmental damage than oil does. It is also increasing starvation all over the world. That is ___moral!

5. The Government’s plans for eco-towns are ___relevant to the environmental challenges facing Britain.

6. Al Gore says global-warming ___believers are acting like groups who once believed the earth is flat.

7. A new report has shown how climate change can ___stabilize developing nations.

8. ___planned growth is a major problem in the world’s largest cities.

 

prefix meaning / use examples
mis + verb wrongly / badly mistook, mishandle
re+ noun/verb/adjective again, back retype, reread, replace
over + verb too much overdo, overwork
under + verb not enough, too little undercook, undercharge

 

2. Write an appropriate prefix to complete each word in the following sentences.

1. Funding lobbyists to ___inform the public and politicians about climate change is part of the strategy to spread doubt about the science of global warming.

2. While urban living conditions may bring improvements in terms of access to health care, education, sanitation and clean water, this potential is often not realised, especially for poorer new migrants, who may suffer from ___crowding, pollution and dangerous working conditions.

3. It is apparent that air pollution is a subject that arouses great emotion and concern for many different reasons, but it is equally apparent that air pollution is a greatly ___understood phenomenon of modern society.

4. The Healthy City Project is urging the City of Westmount to ___place all its street lights with high-efficiency, low-intensity lights, in order to help reduce light pollution.

5. Opinion polls usually ___estimate Americans' concern about the environment.

6. Wisconsin’s lakes are ___developed and, as a result, face severe water quality problems.

 

3. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the word given at the end of the lines.

CLIMATE CHANGES

Global warming is the result of the __________ (1) of greenhouse gases emit
also known as the ‘greenhouse effect’. According to __________ (2), the science
consequences of global warming would be severe for human __________ (3) populate
and ecosystems since we are totally __________ (4) on them. The rise would depend
produce new patterns of rainfall and drought that would affect the  
__________ (5) of mankind. Global warming could cause polar ice to melt survive
__________ (6). Sea levels would rise as a result of that and coastal cities and rapid
islands would be __________ (7). danger
In all __________ (8), the rise in global temperature will accelerate unless likely
countries decide on a universal scheme for the __________ (9) of greenhouse reduce
gases. Most developed countries, however, are reluctant to delay their  
economic __________ (10) by imposing strict environmental grow
__________ (11) on their industries unless they become compensated for their losses. restrict

/from “First Certificate. Use of English”, Judy Copage/


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