Существительное с левыми определениями

Помните, что сначала следует перевести основное (последнее)слово группы оно всегда переводится русским существительным, а затем переводите слова, ближайшие к основному справа налево, устанавливая посредством вопросов смысловые отношения между ними

Помните, что при переводе групп существительного не каждое слово является определением к соседнему слову (или группе слов). Стоящему от него справа. Оно может быть определением к основному слову группы.

maximum control surface deflection angle

максимальный угол отклонения руля

Упражнения

I. Определите тип левого определения к существительному и переведите сочетания на русский язык.

1. Automatic system. 2. Adaptive system. 3. Differential amplifier. 4. Accelerating electrode. 5. Rinted circuit. 6. Electronically controlled filter. 7. Photo – sensitive cathode. 8. Error correcting code. 9. Broadcasting weather information. 10. Earth station. 11. Ship movement service. 12. Unwanted emission. 13. Isotropically radiated power. 14. Logical unit. 15. Planned properties. 16. Metal processing industry.

II. Переведите следующие группы слов, обращая внимание на “цепочки” определений.

I

Steam engine; engine parts; system engine parts; improved methods; selection methods; radio wave; radio – wave length; electricity generation; electricity generation methods; power station; atomic power station; space television; space television application; television studio equipment; radio receiver characteristics; outspace relays; outspace relays function; semiautomatic machine-tools.

II

City water-supply system; radio and radar equipment; high-speed production process; ground-space communication station; high-voltage transmission lines; radio-wave length stabilization; left-right movements, up-and-down movements; not-very-distant future; left-hand plates; radio navigation land station; combustion chamber surface area.

III

Inorganic chemistry; unexpected results; disordered movement; non-magnetic steel; immobile installation; displaced ray; irregular form; serious miscalculation.

III. Найдите русские эквиваленты к следующим английским сочетания терминов.

IV. Найдите английский эквивалент к следующим русским сочетаниям терминов.

V. Переведите предложения, содержащие группы существительных.

1. On April 12,1961, in Russia, the world's first satellite “Vostok”, with a man on board, was put into orbit round the Earth. 2. Isotope power sources have some limitations. 3. Different automatic pilot system provide a wide variety of control. 4. The normal wave-length range covered in astronomy is 3000 to 9000 A. 5. K.E. Tsiolkovsky in 1903, made the first specific liquid-propellant rocket engine proposal published in “The Scientific Observer”. 6. Low-energy radio waves are reflected and absorbed by the electrons and ions of the ionosphere. 7. There are several types of pressure-sensitive measuring devices which are in use today. 8. Radio-wave propagation velocity was the next major problem for him to solve. 9. Four-element theory developed by ancient philosophers was of interest for the later scientists.

К Л Ю Ч И

Задание 1.

1- автоматическая система

2- адаптивная система

3- дифференциальный усилитель

4- ускоряющий электрод

5- печатная схема

6- фильтр с электронным управлением

7- фоточувствительный катод

8- код с исправлением ошибок

9- радиовещательная информация о погоде

10- земная станция

11- служба движения судов

12- нежелательное излучение

13- изотропно-излучаемая мощность

14- логическое устройство

15- заранее обусловленные свойства

16- металлообрабатывающая промышленность

Задание 2

1-1

2-8

3-6

4-7

5-9

6-10

7-11

8-5

9-2

10-12

11-3

12-4

Задание 3

1-7

2-4

3-8

4-9

5-10

6-11

7-3

8-1

9-6

10-5

11-2

Т е с т I

Задание 1. Выберите английские эквиваленты для следующих русских предложений.

Образец: I. Они должны будут управлять обществом сами

1. They will run the society themselves.

2. They must run the society themselves.

3. They will have to run the society themselves.

4. They run the society themselves.

Ответ: I-3

1.Его там часто видят.

1) He was often seen there.

2) I often see him there.

3) He is often seen there.

2. Они обрабатывали данные с помощью компьютера.

1) They process data using a computer.

2) They processed data using a computer.

3) They have processed data using a computer.

3. Наш цех выпускает новую продукцию.

1) Our shop is producing new products.

2) Our shop has produced new products.

3) New products are produced by our shop.

4. Ученый представил свою теорию в конце прошлого века.

1) The scientist had presented his theory by the end of last century.

2) The scientist presented his theory at the end of the last century.

3) This theory was presented by the scientist at the end of the last century.

5. Он объяснит разницу между этими методами на следующем занятии.

1) He will explain the difference between these methods at the next lesson.

2) He will have explained the difference between these methods by the end of the next lesson.

3) He will be explaining the difference between these methods at this time the next day.

6. Эти приборы производятся заводом, расположенным в нашем городе.

1) The plant situated in our town produces these instruments.

2) These instruments have been produced by the plant situated in our town.

3) These instruments are produced by the plant situated in our town.

7. Много спутников уже создано в нашей стране.

1) Our country has created many sputniks.

2) Many sputniks are created in our country.

3) Many sputniks have already been created in our country.

8. Над этим проектом сейчас тщательно работают в лаборатории.

1) This design is being carefully worked at in the laboratory now.

2) This design has been carefully worked at in the laboratory.

3) This design is worked at in the laboratory.

9. Конструкции этого прибора будет уделяться большое внимание в его докладе.

1) He will pay great attention to the design of this instrument in his report.

2) His report will pay great attention to the design of this instrument.

3) Great attention will be paid to the design of this instrument in his report.

10. Двигатели проверяют ежедневно.

1) They examine motors every day.

2) Motors are examined every day.

3) Motors are being examined here.

Задание 2. В каком из предъявленных английских предложений сказуемое стоит в:

Образец: 1. Past Indefinite Active:

1. This phenomenon is repeated regularly.

2. We have a good library at our Institute.

3. They visited the British museum.

4. It was repeated regularly.

Ответ: 1-3

1. Past Indefinite Active:

1) Pump is equipped a computer.

2) The electric lamp invented by Yablochkov is used now.

3) They found literature on this problem in this magazine.

2. Present Perfect Active:

1) They have not received any good results.

2) The students are not allowed to work here.

3) They have some engines built in Italy.

3. Past Continuous Passive:

1) The experiment was completed two days ago.

2) They were being shown a new film then.

3) They were to be shown a new film then.

4. Past Perfect Passive.

1) The positive results had never been obtained.

2) The positive results have been obtained recently.

3) They have recently obtained positive results.

5. Present Indefinite Active:

1) These giants produce cars.

2) These giants produced cars.

3) Cars are produced be these giants.

6. Future Indefinite Passive:

1) We shall have done the greatest parts of work by this time.

2) The greatest part of work will be done by us.

3) We shall be doing this work at this time tomorrow.

7. Past Indefinite Passive:

1) The temperature was maintained at the point of 20^o all the time.

2)The temperature maintained at the point of 20^o began to rise.

3) The temperature is always maintained at the point of 20^o

8. Present Perfect Passive:

1) Much worked had been done before we got these results.

2) To get these results they have to do a lot of work.

3) These results have been obtained after hard work.

9. Present Continuous Active:

1) Making improvements is the work of a designer.

2) The designer is making some improvements in the design.

3) Some improvements are being made by a designer just at a spot.

10. Future Indefinite Active:

1) The experiments will still be made when we come.

2) We shall make the experiments in two weeks.

3) It will be going on for hours.

Задание 3. Выберите слово или группу слов, которые подходят к данным предложениям.

Образец: I. Next year the students … some new subjects.

1) study; 2) shall study; 3) will study; 4) are studing.

Ответ: I-3

1. When I came to the laboratory they … an experiment.

1) conducted

2) were being conducted

3) were conducting.

2. The driver started the car after the engine ….

1) examined

2) was examined

3) had been examined

4) has been examined.

3. Next year they… the necessary data with the help of a computer.

1) will be processed

2) shall process

3) will have processed

4) will process.

4. When he was having dinner his car…

1) was being cleaned

2) cleaned

3) was cleaned

4) is cleaned.

5. Last Monday the professor from America… a lecture on management.

1) delivers

2) will deliver

3) delivered

4) has delivered.

6. They … good results provided they operate under new conditions.

1) achieve

2) will achieve

3) achieved

4) are achieving.

7. This book … often… by many specialists.

1) refers to

2) has referred to

3) is referred to

4) is referring to.

8. He… never.. to the lecture delivered by professor N. But he will soon.

1) listened

2) has listened

3) will listen

4) is listening.

9. The instruments provided by our plant… personal computers.

1) has; been; 2) was; 3) are; 4) shall be.

10. The atomic space station created… important information on nature phenomena.

1) provides; 2) provide; 3) have provided; 4) shall provide.

11. We… got new instruments and chemicals this week.

1) had; 2) shall have; 3) are; 4) have.

Т е с т I I

Задание 1. На чистом листе бумаги напишите индексы того ответа, который вы считаете правильным, например:

В каком из данных предложений подчеркнутое слово переводится как «улучшaющий (-щие)»:

1. Improving the accuracy of measurements we get better results.

2. Having improved the accuracy of measurements we got better results.

3. We used devices improving the accuracy of measurements.

Ответ: 1-3.

В каком из данных предложений выделенное слово или группа слов будет переводится как:

1) анализируя

1. Having analysed the quality of the alloy the engineer showed its negative properties.

2. While analysing the quality of the alloy he showed its negative properties.

3. The properties being analysed are very important.

2) выполняемыe

1. The tests being performed by our researchers are very important.

2. Performing these tests they must be very careful.

3. The researchers performing these tests arrived here last week.

3) строящие (которые строят)

1. The engineers constructing these new TV sets came across many difficulties.

2. Constructing new TV sets our engineers came across many difficulties.

3. TV sets being constructed here are of original design.

4) строящиеся (которые строятся)

1. Having constructed these pipelines they were able to solve these problems.

2. The pipelines being constructed here, we could solve the problem of energy supply.

3. The pipelines being constructed here will solve the problem of energy supply.

5) проанализировав

1. While analyzing the qualities of an alloy he used some diagrams.

2. Having analysed the qualities of an alloy he decided to make use of it.

3. The properties of an alloy having been analysed, they could decide whether to use it or not.

6) поломанный (-ные)

1. When broken plastics are very difficult to repair.

2. Having broken the device he couldn’t conduct these experiments.

3. You have to repair the broken parts of the engine.

7) подвергаемый (когда подвергать)

1. Subjected to high temperature some metals melt.

2. Metals being subjected to high temperature are called melts.

3. Having subjected air to high pressure we can get liquid.

8) подвергаемый (который подвергается)

1. Machine parts subjected to high temperatures are made of special alloys.

2. When subjected to high temperatures it produces light.

3. Users subjecting their home devices to bad conditions are careless.

9) обеспечивать (обеспечили)

1. Provided t he plan is good we can accept it.

2. Having provided our plants with various modern devices we could achieve good results.

3. We have provided our plants with various modern devices.

10) когда писалась статья

1. Having written an article he sent it to be published.

2. The article having been written, he sent it to be published.

3. While writing the article he often consulted the experts.

Задание 2. Определите, какими членами предложения являются подчеркнутые слова:

1) определение

2) обстоятельство

3) часть сказуемого (Perfect)

4) часть сказуемого (Passive)

5) часть сказуемого (Continuous)

Образец: I. We shall have completed our experiments before you return.

Ответ: 1-4.

1. The technology applied improved the quality of the product.

2. We were impressed by the novelty of his composition.

3. When offered to take part in the meeting he refused.

4. Being built of coloured stone and plastics the cinema will look fine.

5. The substance formed was made up of two elements.

6. An insulated wire may be used as a conductor.

7. The problem is solved as you know.

8. The moving parts of any machine must be oiled.

9. Having achieved the necessary results, we decided to describe them in our article.

10. We thought that, you were going to the Institute when we met you yesterday.

11. Going to the Institute I met my friend.

12. We use many materials found in the earth.

13. Our scientific group have achieved good results this year.

14. Having been founded in 1756 the University plays a very important part in the scientific world not only in our country.

15. While solving this problem they used the latest achievements in this field of science.

Задание 3. На чистом листе бумаги напишите цифровые индексы того ответа, который вы считаете правильным.

1) Какое предложение содержит независимый причастный оборот:

1. The students watched the device working in the laboratory.

2. Some new discoveries having been made in this field of science, the launching of man-made satellites became possible.

2) В каком из предложений нет независимого причастного оборота:

1. They watched the rocket launched.

2. The rocket having been launched, they could obtain many useful data.

3. They could obtain many useful data, some information being unique.

3) В каком из предложений причастный оборот следует переводить, используя союз «так, как»?

1. Having been produced these parts were sent to various factories.

2. It being late, we decided to stop working.

3. Some new data having been obtained, we could prove this theory.

4) В каком из предложений причастный оборот следует переводить самостоятельным предложением с союзом «причем»?

1. The shop was modernized last year, some computers being installed there.

2. There being no automatic lines, the conditions of work are hard at the plant.

3. Having used some modern installations we considerably improved the working conditions in the shop.

5) Какое английское предложение соответствует русскому:

Так как условия труда были плохие, рабочие забастовали.

1. The working conditions were bad and the workers went on strike.

2. Bad working conditions have forced the workers to went on strike.

3. The conditions of work being bad, the workers to went on strike.

6) Какое русское предложение соответствует английскому:

The electrons move with velocities, these velocities depending on many factors.

1. Электроны движутся с различной скоростью, если есть для этого определенные предпосылки.

2. Электроны движутся с различной скоростью, и эта скорость зависит от многих факторов.

3. Многие факторы определяют скорость движения электронов, причем эта скорость различна.

7) Какое предложение содержит объектный причастный оборот?

1. With the article being ready, I shall show it to you.

2. We heard this installation being automized.

3. Having automized the installation we increased the productivity.

8) Какое русское предложение соответствует данному английскому?

We watched the car being examined.

1. Мы наблюдали, как осматривали автомобиль.

2. Мы наблюдали за осматриванием автомобиля.

3. Мы наблюдали за тем, как они осматривали автомобиль.

9) Какое из английских предложений точнее передает смысл данного:

1) They want to have their device repaired.

1. They repaired their device.

2. They want to repair their device but they have no time.

3. The device will be repaired for them by a specialist.

Задание 4. Определите, каким членом предложения являются подчеркнутые слова.

1) подлежащее

2) часть сказуемого

3) дополнение

4) определение

5) обстоятельство

Напишите цифровые индексы правильных ответов.

Образец: It is his usual way of working.

Ответ: 1-4

1. Their task is finding out new ways of producing corrosion resistant polymers. 2. Heating the metal increases the speed of the molecules. 3. He read the papers without looking at us. 4. By doing this they can raise labour productivity. 5. Visiting foreign countries becomes available for many our student. 6. They began carrying out these experiments two years ago. 7. The idea of utilizing the energy of water of seas and oceans is not new at all. 8. The teacher insisted on carrying out the experiment in the institute laboratory. 9. After havingrepared the engine we were able to continue our journey. 10.There are four common methods for measuring angular velocity. 11. Men learned hundreds of years ago to use animals for carrying loads. 12. His working place is always in order. 13. The people in our country are engaged in creating a new life. 14. Heat may be produced by burning coal, gas or any other fuel. 15. Translating technical books from English into Russian is an easy task for a person who knows English and Russian equally good.

Задание 5. Установите соответствие.

Образец:

This film is worth seeing.

1) Это самый интересный фильм, который я видел.

2) Этот фильм достойный того, чтобы мы его посмотрели.

3) Этот фильм стоит посмотреть.

Ответ: 1-3

1. Heating the metal increases the speed of the molecules.

1) В нагревающемся металле скорость молекул увеличивается

2) Нагревание металла увеличивает скорость молекул

3) Нагревая металл – увеличиваем скорость молекул.

2. After having improved the properties of this alloy we could use it in work.

1) После того как мы улучшили свойства этого сплава, мы смогли использовать его в нашей работе

2) В нашей работе мы смогли использовать сплав с улучшенными свойствами

3) Улучшение свойств сплава дает нам возможность использовать его в нашей работе.

3. Their aim is finding out new ways of producing corrosion resistant alloys.

1) Их цель – получить сплавы устойчивые к коррозии.

2) Производство сплавов устойчивых к коррозии – вот их цель

3) Их цель состоит в том, чтобы найти новые способы получения сплавов устойчивых к коррозии

4. Without improving the device can’t be used in our research.

1) Без усовершенствования прибор не может быть использован в нашей исследовательской работе

2) Если прибор не будет усовершенствован, он не может быть использован в нашей исследовательской работе

3) Без усовершенствования прибора, мы не можем использовать его в нашей работе

5. We all know of their having developed a new method of producing alloys.

1) Известно, что они разработали новый метод получения сплавов

2) Мы все знаем, что был разработан новый метод получения сплавов.

3) Мы все знаем, что они разработали новый метод получения сплавов

6. His completing the experiment on time was very important for his research.

1) То, что он закончил эксперимент вовремя, является очень важным для его исследования.

2) Окончание эксперимента вовремя было очень важным для его работы

3) Завершение эксперимента вовремя имело большое значение для его исследовательской работы.

7. They insisted on his device being tested before putting it into operation.

1) Они настаивали на испытании прибора для его внедрения в производство

2) Они настаивали на том, чтобы его прибор испытали, прежде чем его внедрят в производство

3) Они настаивали на том, чтобы он испытал свой прибор до его внедрения в производство

8. Owing to Lodygin’s having made his great discovery the electric lamp illuminates our rooms.

1) Благодаря открытию Лодыгина, электрическая лампочка освещает наши квартиры

2) После того как Лодыгин сделал свое открытие, электрическая лампа освещает наши дома

3) Благодаря тому, что Лодыгин сделал свое открытие, электрическая лампа освещает наши дома

9. I remember having been asked about it.

1) Я помню, что меня уже об этом спрашивали

2) Я помню, что я уже об этом спрашивал

3) Я спросил об этом.

10. The launching of artificial satellites of the Earth has been a great achievement of world science.

1)Запуск искусственных спутников Земли – великое достижение мировой науки

2) Страны, запускающие искусственные спутники Земли, совершают подвиг в мировой науке

3) Запуск искусственных спутников Земли стал великим достижением мировой науки.

Список рекомендованої літератури:

1. Г.В. Верба, Л.Г. Верба. Довідник з граматики англійської мови. – К.: Освіта, 1995.

2. И.А. Грузинская, Е.Б. Черкасская, Л.Ю. Романович. Английский язык. Основы грамматики с упражнениями и ключами. – М.: ЮНВЕС КАРО, 2003.

3. Ю. Голицынский. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. – Санкт-Петербург: КАРО, 2001.

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