Solutions

Problems

1. pressing problem COL

2. (to control) crime rate TERM = the ratio of crimes in an area

3. (social) welfare TERM = someone’s welfare is their health and happiness Ex: Police are concerned for the welfare of the child's mother.

4. to be out of work PREP

5. to go around PHR = to be distributed so that everyone gets some Ex: In some classes, there aren't even enough books to go around.

6. close down PHR = same as close. Ex: Find out more about your obligations if you plan to permanently close down your business.

7. earn sb’s bread and butter IDIOM

8. senior citizen = someone who is more than 60 years old

9. social isolation TERM = a complete or near-complete lack of contact with society

10. invasion of privacy TERM = the intrusion into the personal life of another, without just cause

Solutions

11. harsh law / strict law COL

12. (better) law enforcement TERM = making sure that people obey the law

13. to combat crime = to fight crime

14. to set up retraining course PHR/COL

15. establishment of (clubs/organizations) = the process of starting or creating something such as an organization. Ex: Davis proposed the establishment of new business clubs.

16. a fine TERM = a sum of money required to be paid as a penalty for an offense

17. hooligan TERM = someone who is noisy or violent in public places

18. (prison) sentence TERM = a punishment given by a judge, usually involving a period of time that a person must spend in prison Ex: She received the maximum sentence of ten years.

19. to do community service COL = work that someone does as a punishment, instead of going to prison

Language Bank: Evaluating solutions

20. In the case of petty/ serious/ violent crimes such as …

21. I (don’t) think that making them apologize would be an effective measure because …

22. A prison sentence would be counter/ productive …

23. A fine may be the best solution …

24. It (all) depends on the circumstances. For instance, if someone commits an act of vandalism, …

25. Hooligans should be made to …

26. It’s important to encourage a sense of responsibility

Facing and solving social problems (Unit 35 adv.)

27. to address the issue/the problem COL – syn. to face / to face up to the question

28. force for good ID – a positive influence

Economic migration can be seen as a force for good

29. to tackle (the problem) – to deal with (the problem)

30. novel – new and unusual WF novelty

31. law and order (break down) ID – state of society when everyone obeys the law. Ex: to maintain law and order;

32. riot TERM– a violent protest by a crowd of people

33. to erupt – to burst out suddenly

34. social fabric ID – social structure

35. public disorder COL– expression of dissatisfaction by a crowds of people, especially about political matter

36. draconian (measures) COL – extremely severe

37. to take measures COL

38. relief TERM - food, clothes, and money given to people who are in urgent need of help, for example because of a war or other bad situation to provide relief

39. fresh drive ID – new effort

40. to make a plea COL – to make an urgent or emotional request

41. to break the cycle COL – to bring a stop to a negative pattern of behavior

42. run-down area TERM – area in very bad condition

43. antisocial (behavior) COL - showing a lack of care for other people or for society in general

44. underage drinking TERM – problem of people under 18 drinking

45. dysfunctional (families) COL – not behaving normally

Neighborhoods and housing

46. low-income families COL

47. to find a roof for smn – to provide shelter COL

48. (to live) in poor sanitary conditions COL

49. to be unfit for human habitation (about a house) COL

50. affordable – not affordable (too expensive)

51. to incite violence/crime COL – to encourage other people to commit violence/crime

52. to be vigilant – to watch and observe for problems or danger WF vigilante - a member of a volunteer committee organized to suppress and punish crime (a bit like Batman)Ex: the danger of these self-appointed vigilantes is that they sometimes go after innocent people

53. illegal substance – illegal drug

54. to claim benefits COL – to ask for financial support from the state

55. shanty town TERM- an area where very poor people live in shanties

56. shanty TERM- a badly built house made from sheets of wood, metal, or other thin material

57. a force for change ID

Words and expressions related to poverty

58. penury/ to live in penury – the state of being extremely poor COL

59. to live on/below the breadline – having the level of income of an extremely poor person COL

60. impoverished=destitute=poor

an impoverished area COL

destitute people COL

61. to be deprived OF smth - to lack necessities of life COL, PREP

62. to live from hand to mouth – having just enough money to stay alive IDIOM

63. money is tight – to have not much money COL Example: Since money was tight, we settled for a short trip to the north.

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