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Как структурный элемент сказуемого
MODULE 1
THE PREDICATE / THE VERB
СКАЗУЕМОЕ / ГЛАГОЛ
Part I
Non-finite Forms of the Verbs
Неличные формы глагола
Неличные формы глагола, к которым относятся причастие настоящего времени (Present Participle / ParticipleI), перфектное причастие (Perfect Participle), причастие прошедшего времени (Past participle / Participle II), инфинитив (the Infinitive) и герундий (the Gerund) отличаются от личных тем, что не имеют категории лица, числа, времени и наклонения и не употребляются в предложении в функции сказуемого, хотя могут быть его частью.
Общая таблица неличных глагольных форм
| Причастие настоящего времени The Present Participle (Participle I) | Герундий The Gerund | Инфинитив The Infinitive | ||||
| Active | Passive | Active | Passive | Active | Passive | |
| Present | writing/ asking | being written/asked | writing/ asking | being written/ asked | (to) write (to) ask | (to) be written/ asked |
| Present Continuous | - | - | - | - | (to) be writing/asking | - |
| Perfect | having written/ asked | having been written/asked | having written | having been written | (to) have written/asked | (to) have been written/ asked |
| Perfect Continuous | - | - | - | - | (to) have been writing/asking | - |
| The Past Participle (Participle II) written/asked |
Формы причастия
| Tenses | Действительный залог Active Voice | Страдательный залог Passive Voice |
| Present Participle (Participle I) | asking спрашивающий, спрашивая | being asked будучи спрошенным |
| Perfect Participle | having asked спросив | having been asked после того, как спросили |
| Past Participle (Participle II) | ----- | asked спрошенный, спрашиваемый |
Причастие настоящего времени (The Present Participle / Participle I)
Как структурный элемент сказуемого
| Признак | Употребление | Примеры | Перевод |
| Ving | Для образования времен группы Continuous и Perfect Continuous | be+Ving am/is/are/doing was/weredoing will be doing have+been+Ving has been working | делаю / делает / делаем делал / делали будет делать работает |
had been working работал
will have been working будет работать
Причастие прошедшего времени (The Past Participle / Participle II)
как структурный элемент сказуемого
| Признак | Употребление | Примеры | Перевод |
| a)Ved regular verb e.g. used b) 3-я форма глагола irregular verb | Для образования: a) времен груп- пы Perfect b) страдательного залога времен груп- пы Simple, | have+Ved have/has used had used will have used be+Ved am/is/are done was/were done will be done | использовали / использовал использовали/использовал используют/ использует делается делалось будет делаться |
e.g. done Continuous, be+being+Ved
am/is/are being done делается
was/were being done делалось
Perfect have+been+Ved
has been done было сделано
had been done было сделано
will have been done будет сделано
1. Выделите речевые отрезки, в которых причастия являются частью сказуемого.
a) The scientists are inventing; the researchers had been inventing; inventing this technology he made; the developer has been inventing; the engineer inventing the device got; having invented this instrument they can produce; the designer will have been inventing.
b) If designed this system will confirm; the device has been designed; the circuit is being designed; the designed technique must be; the engineer had designed; he used the designed instrument; the database designed had to improve; the computer components were designed; the scientists have designed.
2. Выделите предложения, в которых причастия являются частью сказуемого.
a) 1. We are becoming more open to other cultures simply because of the Internet.
2. The ammeter is a measuring device.
3. The importance of the scientific research is growing every year.
4. I have been working at this problem since 2012.
5. Using the energy of the atom we produce electric energy at atomic power plants.
b) 1. We used all the methods recommended.
2. We have explored common forms of communication.
3. When properly hardened steel becomes hard and strong.
4. The efficiency of a machine is determined by the ratio of the useful work performed to the total work expended.
c) 1. They will be making experiment the whole day long.
2. The problem has been studied for three years, but they haven’t got any result.
3. The results obtained disagreed with earlier data.
4. By 6 o’clock he will have been testing the system for 3 hours.
5. They were shown new laboratory equipment.
6. The bridge being built across the river is very beautiful.
7. The temperature of the liquid obtained remained constant.
8. Robots are helping research scientists to answer many difficult questions.
9. Having analyzed the properties of the substance they made some new conclusions.
10. Other automatic controller devices were being developed before the advent of industry standards.
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