Word Combinations

catch fire загораться, воспламеняться

fire brigade пожарная команда (бригада, отряд)

fight fire тушить пожар

firefighting activity тушение пожара, действия по тушению пожара

Fire Prevention предотвращение пожара

Fire Protection пожарная защита, борьба с пожарами

Fire Safety пожарная безопасность, пожарная охрана

Fire Service служба пожарной безопасности

Firefighting Service

Notes

1. burnt to ashes – сгорел дотла

2. was burnt down – сгорел дотла

3. Since then – с тех пор

4. in line – в строю

5. Grand Duke – Великий Князь

6. on a state scale – в государственном масштабе

7. regular army units – армейские части

Exercises

I. Practise the following for pronunciation:

ancient, Alexandria, numerous, burnt, neither, brigade, glow, neighbour, mutual, reign, extinction, perfection.

II. Read the international words:

line, extremely, tragic, result, history, formation, fleet, system, department, prince, civilization, protection, professional, volvode, material, uncontrollable, human, normative, army, period, modern, act, centralized, chronicle, phenomenon, regular, review, pass, activity.

III. Read and translate pairs of nouns and verbs:

delay-to delay, fire-to fire, trouble-to trouble, wave-to wave, time-to time, smoke-to smoke, increase-to increase, number-to number, glow-to glow, mark-to mark, call-to call, mention-to mention, fight-to fight, notice-to notice, review-to review, aid-to aid, flame-to flame, will-to will, help-to help, act-to act, reign-to reign, service-to service, supply-to supply, part-to part, head-to head.

IV. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

to know, to delay, to go, to do, to fight, to put, to catch, to take, to create, to found, to pass, to make, to approve, to carry, to learn.

V. Read and translate the words of the same root:

to know – knowledge – known

to consider – consideration – considerable – considering

to discover – discovery – discoverer

to learn – learning – learned

to connect – connection – connected – connective – disconnect – disconnection

to equip – equipment

to protect – protection – protective – protector

to create – creation – creative – creator

to organize – organization – organized – organizer

to fight – fighter – fighting.

VI. Put the adjectives in the comparative and superlative degree:

ancient, dangerous, great, numerous, small, little, important, good, professional, bad, necessary.

VII. Choose the translation of underlined words:

сentury 1. период

2. середина

3. век

service 1. серия

2. служба

3. служащий

will 1. воля

2. ветер

3. ширина

prevent 1. преобладать

2. предполагать

3. предотвращать

burn 1. гореть

2. взрывать

3. связывать

numerous 1. недействительный

2. цифровой

3. многочисленный

completely 1. понятно

2. полностью

3. обычно

создание 1. creation

2. perfection

3. improvement

развитие 1. determination

2. deviation

3. development

тушить 1. to express

2. to extinguish

3. to extend

помогать 1. to help

2. to hold

3. to hesitate

великий 1. gradual

2. grey

3. great

с тех пор 1. before

2. after

3. since then.

VIII. Match the synonyms:

happen, put out, connect, burn to ashes, anew, delay, protect, modern, during, great, severe, discover, mark, supply, extinction, help, mankind, a lot of, trouble, comletely, kind, favourite, small, important, fight, increase, giant, extinguish, significant, find out, growth, link, defend, cruel, put off, many, misfortune, litlle, all over again, humanity, provide, note, extinguishment, type, beloved, in the course of, aid, struggle, be burnt down, fully, contemporary, take place.

IX. Translate the noun groups:

civilization development, fire departments, fire brigades, fire prevention, fire protection, mutual aid system, Fire Safety acts, Fire Service, army units.

X. Read and translate the text “From the History of Fire Protection in Russia”

XI. Answer the following questions:

1. What did Grand Duke Ivan the Third approve?

2. When were the first attempts to organize Fire Prevention and Fire Service made?

3. In whose reign was the professional Fire Service created?

4. In what directions was fire fighting carried on?

5. What was the result of fire fighting improvement and perfection?

XII. Fill in the blanks with one of the following words:

stone-white, in, Russia, volvodes, tragic, brigades, fires, equipment, normative.

1. Russian ancient chronicles describe numerous…

2. Moscow has bcen called…..

3. In 1172 the first professional fire…….were founded.

4. Grand Duke Ivan the Third approved the first Fire Safety…..acts

5. In the 14-th century …….fire happened in Great Novgorod.

6. So, the Fire Protection has appeared in…..

7. the reign of Peter the Great the Fire Service was passed to the regular army units.

8. They were supplied with necessary……

9. The fire fighting activity was headed by……

XIII. Match the nouns from the right column with adjectives from the left column in accordance with the text:

human fleet

above – mentioned historians

centralized troubles

great fire brigades

Russian creation

favourite army units

ancient times

small equipment

dry acts

regular state

necessary fire

several season

cruel towns

normative phenomenon

professional countries

several period.

XIV. Put general questions to the following sentences:

1. From the ancient times fire has been known as an extremely dangerous phenomenon.

2. Russian ancient chronicles describe numerous fires.

3. In the 12-th century small towns in Novgorod land were completely destroyed.

4. In the 13-th century the city of Vladimir was burnt down.

5. In the 14-th century tragic fire happened in Great Novgorod.

6. In Moscow the Kremlin and settlements were considerably destroyed by fire in 1365.

7. The increase of fire numbers was marked in an extremely cold and dry season.

XV. Finish the sentences using English words and word combinations instead of Russian ones given in brackets:

1. There were neither fire nor (пожарных машин).

2. Reviewing the past we trace the history of Fire Prevention and (пожаротушения).

3. Great fires (продолжались).

4. When a building caught fire everyone got a bucket and took his or her place in line (чтобы погасить огонь).

5. The most important characteristic was the will (помочь соседу).

6. That has created (систему взаимной помощи).

7. In 1472 the first professional fire brigades (были созданы).

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