 |
АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция
The Passive Voice
Пассивный залог — The Passive Voice — употребляется:
— с большинством переходных глаголов (глагол + прямое дополнение), когда само действие более важно, чем субъект этого действия (производитель):
This helicopter was designed in Russia;
— когда производитель действия неизвестен:
The manuscripts were found in 19th century;
— если информация о субъекте действия важна, то она вводится предлогом by:
This wedding cake will be baked by the best cooks.
Образование: To be + V3 (Past Participle)
| Present Simple | Iamsurprised by this message. |
| Past Simple | Iwassurprised by this message. |
| Future Simple | Iwill besurprised by this message. |
| Present Perfect | The letter has beenwritten by a woman. The letter has been written by a woman. |
| Present Continuous | These students are being examined now. |
| Past Continuous | Hewas being examinedthis time yesterday. |
| Present Perfect | We have been shown this film twice. |
| Past Perfect | had been |
| Future Perfect | I/he shall/will have been |
| Глаголы sell, wash, wear, bake, read употребляются в активном залоге, хотя и с пассивным значением: These novels sell well. The cloth wears well. |
Если в предложении два возможных субъекта, предмет или лицо, то подлежащим в пассивном залоге становится лицо: I was given a prize.
Пассивный залог может употребляться с модальными глаголами, предложение строится по следующей схеме:
Modal verb + be + Past Participle
| must/can/should be/may/might + Participle II | |||
| Active Voice | Passive Voice | ||
| I can do it. He should do it. They must do it. He has to do it. You may do it. They might do it. | It can be done by me. It should be done by him. It must be done by them. It has to be done by her. It may be done by Ann. It might be done by them. | ||
Practice:
1. Измените залог в предложениях, следуя модели:
Model: Somebody broke that window yesterday — That window was broken yesterday.
1. Sarah invited Jane to her party. 2. Someone has written a book about the first American president. 3. Police arrests people every day. 4. Someone stole my car last night. 5. We will paint a house tomorrow.
2. Работайте с партнером. Составьте собственные диалоги из данных слов, следуя модели:
Model: — Do you want me to feed Rover?
— No. Don’t worry about it. He’s already been fed.
— Do you want me to ______________________?
— No. Don’t worry about it. _________________.
Make the bed, do the dishes, take the garbage out, wake the children up, carve the chicken.
3. Составьте из данных слов вопросы в пассивном залоге:
Model: Question: The new road / still / build?
… Is the new road still being built?...
Answer: Yes, they haven’t finished it yet.
Question: Where / the first car / manufacture?
….
Answer: In the USA.
Question: how many mobile phones / sell/ recently?
….
Answer: Millions!
Question: Who penicillin / discover / by?
….
Answer: By Alexander Fleming.
Question: When / cure / find / for Aids?
….
Answer: Very soon, I hope.
Question: When / the first real computers / build?
….
Answer: During the Second World War.
Прочитайте и запомните следующие идиомы:
Cool it — to relax, calm down; to stop being so exited or angry.
Make ends meet — to earn just enough to live within one’s income.
Lock, stock and barrel — the whole of sth; all the parts of a thing; everything.
Pass the hat — to ask for contributions.
Penny for your thoughts — What are you thinking? Tell me what is on your mind.
Lesson 29
Поиск по сайту: