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Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 6 ñòðàíèöà

×èòàéòå òàêæå:
  1. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 1 ñòðàíèöà
  2. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 10 ñòðàíèöà
  3. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 11 ñòðàíèöà
  4. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 2 ñòðàíèöà
  5. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 3 ñòðàíèöà
  6. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 4 ñòðàíèöà
  7. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 5 ñòðàíèöà
  8. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 6 ñòðàíèöà
  9. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 7 ñòðàíèöà
  10. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 8 ñòðàíèöà
  11. I. Ïåðåâåñòè òåêñò. 9 ñòðàíèöà
  12. Il pea.M em u ifJy uK/uu 1 ñòðàíèöà

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B paMKax COQHaJibHoro:3BOJIIOQHOHH3Ma B03HHK pH,n; TeopHH, no­

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IlepBylO IlOilbITKY C03,ZJ;aHH.fI Ta KOH TeOpHH npe,n;npHH.fIJI HeMeKHH co­ HOJIOr <P. Tettttuc (1855-1936) B cBoetl: 3HaMeHHTOH KHHre «06ututta u o6utecmao». <P. TeHHHC HCnOJih3yeT HeMeKHe TepMHHbI «reMeHHIIIacpT»

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cpeCCHOHaJibHbi e pOJIH; 4) feMeHHIIIacpT OilHpaeTC.fI Ha peJIHrH03Hbie, fe-

3eJibIIIacpT -Ha CBeTCKHe eHHOCTH; 5) B OCHOBe feMeHHIIIacpT JieJKHT ceMb.fI H o6HHa, B OCHOBe fe3eJibIIIacpT -KpynHbie KopnopaTHBHbi e H accoHaTHBHbie <l)OpMbIo6'be,ZJ;HHeHH.fI JIIO,n;etl:.

B pycJie COHaJibHOro 3BOJIIO HOHH3Ma Ha OCHOBe npOTHBOilOCTaB­

JieHH.fI Tpa,n;H HOHHOro H COBpeMeHHOro o6eCTBa ccpopMHpoBaJiaCb Teo­

pHH.HH,ItYCTPHa.JibHOro 061.QecTea. Ona 6hma ccpopMyJIHpoBaHa B,n;Byx Ba­ pHaHTax cppaHY3CKHM coHOJIOroM P. ApoHOM B JieK H.Hx, npo'IHTaHHbIX B Cop6oHHe B 1956-1959 rr., H aMepHKaHCKHM 3KOHOMHCTOM H nOJIHTOJIO­

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CH.7IbHOH era cneHaJIH3aHH B KOHKpeTHbIX ccpepax npOH3BO,ZJ;CTBa H yn­ paBJieHH.H; 2) MaCCOBOe npOH3BO,ZJ;CTBO TOBapoB ua IIIHpOKHH pbIHOK; 3) Me­ xaHH3a H.fI H aBTOMaTH3a H.fI npOH3BO,ZJ;CTBa H ynpaBJieHH.H; 4) Hay'IHO­

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Co41-1anbHbJe "13MeHeHi-iR. Teopi-iR pa3ei-1rnR o6ecTBa 55


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BeHHoro pa3Bl1THR, CJiymaT MOHbIM CT11MYJIOM,Zl;Jlfl BCero o6eCTBeHHoro pa3Bl1Tl1R. K. MapKc Ha3bIBaJI peBoJiro1111 «JIOKOMOTHBaMH HcTopHH».

3BOJIIOl10Hl1CTCKl1e 11 peBOJIIOl10Hl1CTCK11e Teop1111 o6eCTBa oc­

HOBbIBalOTCfl Ha 11,n;ee o6ecTBeHHoro nporpecca. OH11 YTBepm,n;aroT B03- M0'1<:HOCTb HanpaBJieHHOro pa3Bl1Tl1fl o6eCTBa, xapaKTep113yro erOCR nepexo,n;oM OT Hl131Ilero K BbICllleMy, OT MeHee coBep1I1eHHoro K 6oJiee co­ Bep1I1eHHOMy. B o,n;HOM cJiyqae Kp11Tep11eM nporpecca ofrbRBJIReTCR yc­

JIOmHeH11e coaJibHOH opraH113a1111o6ecTBa (f. CneHcep), B,n;pyroM -

113MeHeHl1fl B Cl1CTeMe COl1aJibHbIX CBR3ei1: 11Tl1Ile peryJlfll1o6eCTBeH­ HbIX OTHOllleHl1H (3. TeHH11C), B TpeTbeM -113MeHeHHR B xapaKTepe npo- 113BO,Zl;CTBa 11 noTpe6JieH11R (Y. PocToy 11,ZI;. BeJIJI), B qeTBepTOM -CTeneHb

OBJia,n;eHl1fl o6eCTBa CTJ1Xl1HHbIMl1Cl1JiaMl1 np11po,n;b1, BbipamaroaRCfl B

pocTe np0113BO,Zl;l1TeJibHOCTl1 Tpy,n;a, 11 CTeneHb OCB06om,n;eHl1fl JIIO,Zl;eH 113- no,n; rneTa cT11x11i1:HbIX c11JI o6eCTBeHHoro pa3Bl1Tl1R (K MapKc).

 

 

2

Teopu;i 1CYJ1.bmy puo-ucmopu"Lecxux munoe

HapR,n;y c 3BOJI10 110H11cTcK11M1111 peBoJiro110HHCTCK11M11 Teop11RM11 06-

ecTBa, 6a311pyro 11Ml1Cfl Ha 11,n;ee nporpecca, ceCTBYIOT Teop1111, OT­ p11aro11e B03M0'1<:HOCTb nporpeCCl1BHOrO pa3Bl1Tl1fl.0,n;HOH 113 pacnpo­ CTpaHeHHblX 11 Il0Jlb3YIOl1XCR 1II11pOKl1M BJIHRHl1eM B COl10JIOr1111,flBJifl­ eTCfl KOHa;ena;HH KYJibTYPHO-HCTOpH'ICCKHX THDOB pa3Bl1Tl1fl o6eCTBa.

B 3TOH KOHen1111,n;eJiaeTcR aKeHT Ha MHoroJI11Hei1:HocT11 pa3Bl1Tl1R 06- ecTBa 11 KYJibTypbI, Bbl'iJieHRIOTCR onpe,n;eJieHHbie Tl1Ilbl COl1aJibHOH 11 KYJlbTYPHOH Cl1CTeM, no,n;qepK11BaeTCfl 11X CBOeo6pa311e, a B HeKOTOpbIX cJiyqaRX 11BbI,n;B11raeTCR11,n;eR 3aMKHYTOCTl1,JIOKaJibHOCTl1KYJibTYP11 11-

B11JI113a11i1:. Teop11R KYJibTypHo-11cTop11qecK11x T11noB ccpopM11poBaJiacb KaK aHTl1Te3a Jil1Hei1:HOH eBponoeHTp11CTCKOH Teop1111 o6eCTBeHHOrO pa3Bl1T11fl, COrJiaCHO KOTOpoi1: BCe l1CTOp11qeCKOe pa3BHTl1e ocyeCTBJlfl­ eTCfl B paMKax e,n;l1HOH 11He,n;eJil1MOH 11Bl1Jll13al11111 npe,n;cTaBJIReT O,Zl;HO­ HanpaBJieHHb H, 3aKOHOMepHbIH npoecc nporpeCCl1BHOrO pa3Bl1Tl1fl, ne­ pexo,n;a OT Hl131IIl1X CTyneHeH K Bb1Cllll1M. Mo,n;eJiblO l1CTOp11qecKoro pa3- Bl1Tl1fl B 3TOi1: KOHen1111 BbICTynaJio pa3B11T11e 3ana,n;Hoi1: EBponbI, KOTOpaR flK06bI IlOCJie,Zl;Jil1TeJibHOro nep110,n;a CTaHOBJieHl1fl 11 6opb6b1,n;o­ CTl1rJia, HaKoHe, CBoero npe,n;Ha3Ha'ieHl1R -M11p0Boro rocno,n;cTBa.

JlHHei1HaR, eBponoeHTp11CTCKafl KOenu;11R 11CTOpH'ieCKOro pa3Bl1- THR He,n;aBaJia y,n;oBJieTBop11TeJlbHOro o6'bflcHe:mm pa3Bl1THID BocroKa, Poc­ CHH 11,n;pyrmc pernOHOB, HaXO,n;HBIIrnXCR B CTOpoHe OT pa3BHTOH 3ana,n;HoeBpo­ nei1:cKOH BMJIJ13a TeopHR KYJlbTypHo-11cTopH'iecKHX THilOB IIbITaeTCR

,n;aTb Ha 3Tl1npo6JieMb1y,n;oBJieTBOpHTeJlbHbrn.oTBeT. OcHoBonOJiomHHKOM Te­ op1111KYJlbTypHo-11cropH'iecKHX THnOB RBJIReTCR pyccKHi1: cooJior HH.,ZI;a­ ID1J1eBCKHH.H.H.,Zl;aID1J1eBcKHi1: no,n;paa,n;eJIRJI Bee Hapo,Zl;b1Ha «11CTOpH'iecKHe»

11 «He11cropH'ieCKl1e». «HeHcTOpH'lecKHe Hapo,Zl;bl» -3TO 3THOrpacpH'ieCKHH MaTep11aJI, TynI1KOBbie BeTBl1B pa3BHTHH o6eCTBa. OHH He B COCTOIDIID1 pe-

Co1..111anbH1>1e 113MeHeH11R. Teop11R pa3Bl1rnR o6ecTBa 57


lllaTb CBOIO cy,IJ;b6y, Bbipa6oTaTb cpopMbl CBOeH rocyapCTBeHHOCTH J1 T. A lo- 3TOMY OHH He B COCTOJIHHJ1 Bbipa6c>TaTb CBOH CBoeo6pa3Hbie KYJibTYPHO-HCTO­

pWieCKHe TJ1IlbI.IpaBo Bbipa6oTKH cBoeo6pa3HbIX KYJlbTYPHO-HCTOpWiecKHX THnoB npHHaAJiemHT «HCTOpH'leCKHM» Hapo;:i;aM. H..H.,n:aHHJieBCKHH HaC'Ui­ 'l'bmaeT 13 «TJ1110B», HJIH «CaMo6bITHbIX HJIJ13a»: ernneTCKHH, KHTaH­

CKHH, accHpo-BaBHJIOHCKHH(eBHeceMHTCKHH), cKH:i1,HpaHCKHH, eB­

pe:i1cK11:i1, rpeqecKHH, pHMCKHH, HOBOCeMHTH'ieCKHH (apaBHHCKHH), poMaHO­ repMaHCKHH, nepyaHCKHH. «KyJibTYPHO-HCTOpH'ieCKHe THnbI», no

H..H.,n:aHHJieBCKOMY, paaJIWialOTCH no CBoeo6pa3HbIM coqeTaHHHM 'ieTbipex

OCHOBOnOJiara10 3JieMeHTOB: peJIHrJ103HOro, KYJibTYPHOro, noJ1J1TWieCKOI'O 11o6ecTBeHH0-3KOHOMH'ieCKoro. lo'iTH Bee KYJibTypHo-11cropWiecK11e TH­

Ilb,C'llITaJI.n:aHHJieBCKHH,OOOCHOBHbl,T. e. B HJ1X npH CO'ieTaHHH 3JieMeHTOB

npeo6JiaaeT KaKOH-TO o,rn:Hanp11Mep, B eBponeHCKOM -peJIHrJ103HbIH, B rpeqecKOM -KYJlbTypHbrn, B poMaHo-repMaHCKOM -o6ecTBemm-3KOHO­

M:wiecKHH. Ji1 JIHlllb CJiaBHHCKOMY T11ny c ero npaBOCJiaBHeM, KYJibTYPHOH ca­

M06bITHOCTblO, caMoepmaBHeM J1 KpeCTbHHCKOH o6HOH npeaqepTaHO cTaTb noJIHbIM qeTbipexocHOBHbIM KYJibTypHo-11cTop11qecKHM T11noM..n:Jin CJIHmrnJI HapoOB B KYJibTypHO-HCTOpWieCKHH THn Heo6xoMbl H3bIKOBaH

6JIH30CTb 11oc03HaID.le HMH o6ocTH cBoe:i1cy,IJ;b6bt H..H.,n:aHHJieBcKH:i1 C'iH­

TaJI, 'iTOCJiaBHHCKHeHapo,D;bI HaXOHHanyTH coammcBoero KYJibTypHo- 11cTopWiecKoro THna. ABaHrap anpoJib B 3TOM npmecce npHHaAJiemHT Poc­ CHH.TaKHM o6paaoM, TeopHH KyJlbTYPHO-HCTOpWiecKHX TJ11IOB H..H..z:i:aHHJieB­

CKOro CJIYjKHJia MeTOOJIOrWieCKOH OCHOBOH CJiaBHHOcpHJibCKOH e0JIOI'ID1.

C TO'iKH apeHHH H..H..n:aH11JieBcKoro, KambIH KYJibTypHo-11cTo­ p11qecK11:i1 THn, eCJIH OH He nor116aeT HaCHJibCTBeHHOH CMepTblO, npoxo­ HT 'ieTbipe OCHOBHbie cpa3bl CBOero pa3BJ1THH: nepBblH nep110 - «6ec­ C03HaTeJibHbIH», KOra Hapobl ee He BbllllJIH Ha HCTOp11qecKy10 apeHy 11 npe6brna10T Ha ypoBHe «3THorpacp11qecKoro MaTep11aJia». BTopo:i1 ne­

p110 - nep110 rocyapCTBeHHOro CTaHOBJieHHH, cpopMHpOBaHHH oc­ HOBHbIX COQHaJibHbIX HHCTHTYTOB J1 COQHaJibHbIX peryJIHTOpOB. 8TH Ba

nep11oa 3aHHMalOT caMbIH JIHTeJibHbIH npoMemyTOK B HCTOpHH aH­ HbIX HapooB. TpeTHH -nep110 pacqBeTa QHBHJI11aaQ1111, 11 qeTBepTbIH

-nep110 ynaKa. 8TO OTHOCHTeJibHO KpaTKHe nepHObl. Mx npoOJimH­

TeJibHOCTb HC'iHCJIHeTCH BYMH-TpeMH CTOJieTHHMH.

B aanaHo:i1 coQ110Jior1111 cTopoHHHKaMH Teop1111 KYJibTYPHO-HCTO­ puqecKHX THnoB HBJIHIOTCH HeMe11:i1yqeHb H0.IIIneHrJiep 11aHrJIHHCKHH 11cTop11K A. To:i1H611.0.IIIneHrJiep BbeJIHJI BoceMb KYJibTypHo-11cTop11qe­ cK11x THnOB: er11neTCKHH, HHHHCKHH, BaBHJIOHCKHH, KHTaHCKHH, rpeKO­

pHMCKHH, BH3aHTHHCKo-apaB11:i1cK11:i1, KYJibTypa Mann, a TaKme npo6ym­ a10ancn pyccKo-c11611pcKan KYJibTypa. Kambl:i1 113 3THX THnoB, no

0. IIIneHrJiepy, BbipacTaeT Ha ocHoBe cBoero co6cTBeHHoro yHHKaJibHoro

«npacpeHoMeHa» -T. e. cnoco6a nepem11BaHHH mH3HH, noHH.R:eTCH me­

CTKOMY 6110JIOfH'ieCKOMY pHTMY J1 npoxoHT OCHOBHbie cpa3bl pa3BJ1THH: pomeHHe J1 eTCTBO, MOJIOOCTb J1 apeJIOCTb, CTapOCTb J1 «3aKaT».

.n:JIHToro, 'iT06bI 6oJiee pe3KO noqepKHYTb OCHOBHbie cpa3bl B pa3- BJ1TJ1J1 KYJibTYPHO-HCTop11qecK11x THnoB, 0. IIIneHrJiep BBOHT peaKoe npoT11BonocTaBJieH11e Memy KYJibTypo:i1 11 QHBHJIH3aQ11e:i1.IIepBbIH 3Tan B pa3BHTHH KYJibTypHo-11cTop11qecKoro THna OH Ha3b BaeT KYJibTY-


poJi. KyJibTypa -3TO BOCXO,ZJ;JU aR CTyneHb B pa3BHTHH TOro HJIH HHOro KYJibTYPHO-HCTOpH'i ecKoro THna. 0Ha xapaKTepH3yeTCR «opraHH'ieC­ KHM» THnOM 3BOJIIOHH BO Bcex ccpepax o6eCTBeHHOH:IKH3HH -COH­ aJibHOM H nOJIHTH'ieCKOM, peJIHrH03HOH H 3THH'ieCKOH, xy,n;o:meCTBeHHOH

H Hay'iHOH. BTopoJi aTan -IHBHJIH3aHa, xapaKTepH3yeTCR «MexaHH­ qecKHM THnOM 3BOJIIO HH, npe,n;cTaBJIRIO HM co6oJi «OKOCTeHeHHe»

TBopqecKHX Ha'iaJI KYJibTYPbl H ee pacna,n;. CBoe KOHeHTpHpoBaHHoe BblpameHHe 3TOT nepexo,n; HaXO,Zl;HT B MHpOBblX BOHHax, eJib KOTOpblX, no 0. IIIneHrJiepy, rJio6aJibHOe rocno,n;cTBO Ha,n; MHpOM rocy,n;apcTBa-no- 6e,n;HTeJIR. EBpona, no MHeHHIO 0. IIIneHrJiepa, nepe:mHBaeT CTa,n;HIO H­ BHJIH3aHH. 0Tcro,n;a BbIBO,IJ; o ueH36emuoM cKopoM «3aKaTe» Eeponb1.

Ilpo,n;oJI:maTeJieM H 3aHTHHKOM H,n;eJi H. JI. J{aHHJieBcKoro H

1. IllneHrJiepa RBJIReTCR aHrJIHHCKHH HCTOpHK, COHOJIOr H cpHJIOCOcp

A. ToJiH6H. C TO'iKH 3peHHR A. Tol1:H6H, o6'beKTOM H3yqeHHR HayKH MoryT 6b!Tb qeJIOBe'ieCTBO B eJIOM HJIH KaKHe-JIH6o KOHKpeTHble, HaHOHaJib­

HO-rocy,n;apcTBeHHbl e o6pa30BaHHR, HJIH onpe,n;eJieHHble KYJibTYPHO-HC­ TOpH'ieCKHe THnbl, KOTOpble OH Ha3blBaeT HBHJIH3aHRMH. lJ,HBHJIH3a­

HH, no A. ToJiH6H, npe,n;cTaBJIRIOT co6oJi HeKOTOpb1e yMonocTHraeMbl e

e,n;HHH bl HCTOpHH, eJIOCTHble CHCTeMbl, B KOTOpblX 3JieMeHTbl COOTBeT­ CTBYIOT,n;pyr,n;pyry H BJIHRIOT,n;pyr Ha,n;pyra. 1(HBHJIH3aHH conocTaBH­ Mbl, cpaBHHMbl Me:m,n;y co6oJi, a TaK:me c npHMHTHBHblMH o6eCTBaMH, KOTOpb1e ee He,ZJ;OCTHrJIH CTa,ZJ;HH HBHJIH3aHH.3To n03BOJIReT HCCJie­

,n;oBaTeJIIO HCnOJib30BaTb cpaBHHTeJibHO-HCTOpHqecKHH MeTo,n;. Ha ocHo­ Be onpe,n;eJieHHbl X KpHTepHeB HCCJie,n;oBaTeJib MO:IKeT onpe,n;eJIHTb, KaK

,n;aJieKO Te HJIH HHble HBHJIH3aHH npo,n;BHHYJIHCb Bnepe,n;, HaCKOJibKO OHH OTCTaJIH OT HaH60Jiee BblCOKOro ypoBHR, H Ha 3TOH OCHOBe MO:>I<HO 6y­

,n;eT roBOpHTb 0 3Ha'ieHHH Kam,n;oJi OT,ZJ;eJibHOH HBHJIH3aHH.

B Ka'ieCTBe Ba:mHeJ1:rnero IDITerpa.11bHoro KpHTepHR pa3BHTHR HBH­ JIH3aH A ToJiH6H Ha3bIBaeT peaJIH3HMH KOHe'lnoH: eJieeoH: ycTa­ HOBKH-TO eCTb onpe,n;eJieHHOro HM, no-BH,n;HMOMy, BoroM (xoTR A. ToJiH6H

H36eraeT TaKoro Bbipa:meHHR), npe,n;Ha3HaqeHHR B HCTOpHH.I o cyTH,n;eJia, KOHenHR Totl:H6H npe,n;cTaBJIReT co6oJi npoBH,n;eHHaJIH3M -yqeHHe o

npe,n;onpe,n;eJiemrn o6eCTBeHHoro pa3BHTHR. A Tol1:H6H BbI,n;eJIReT rneCTb

OCHOBHblX KYJibTypHO-HCTOpH'ieCKHX THnOB: 1) nepBH'iHble, o6oco6JieHHble HBHJIH3aHH (erHneTCKan, att,n;cKan); 2) nepBH'iHble, ueo6oco6JieHHb1e ­ BHJIH3aH (rnyMepcKaR, MHHOMCKaR, HH,Zl;CKaR, rnaHbCKaR, Mann); 3) BTO­ pH'iHble,,n;oqepHHe HJIH3aHH(BaBHJIOHCKaR OT lllYMepCKOM, XeTTCKaR OT rnyMepCKOH, 3JIJIHHHCTH'ieCKaR OT MHHOHCKOM, CHpHHCKaR OT MHHOHCKOH,

,n;peBHeHtt,n;HHCKaR OT HH,Zl;CKOH,,n;peBHeKHTaMCKaR OT rnaHbCKOM, IOKaTaH­ CKaR OT MaHR, MeKCHKaHCKaR OT MaHJi; 4) TpeTH'iHble,,n;oqepHHe HJIJ13a­ HH (npaBOCJiaBHO-XpHCTHaHCKan,pyccKaR, 3ana,n;HaR, apa6o-MycyJibMaH­ CKaR,,n;aJibHeBOCTO'iHO-RnOHCKan); 5) 3aCTbIBlllHe HBHJIH3aHH (3CKHMOC­

CKaR, KO'ieBaR, OCMaHCKaR, cnapTaHCKaR); 6) Hepa3BJ1BlllJ1eCR BJ1JIH3a

(,n;aJibHeBOCTO'iHO-XpHCTHaHCKaR,,ZJ;aJibHe3ana,n;Ho-xpHCTHaHCKaR).

IlpH o6'bRCHeHHH npH'iHH CTaHOBJieHHR H pa3BHTHR HBHJIH3aHH

A. ToJiH6H OTBepraJI pacOBble TeopHH H TeopHH cpe,n;bl o6HTaHHR. Perna­ roan pOJib, no ero MHeHHIO, npHHa,n;Jie:IKHT «0TBeTy» Tex HJIH HHblX Ha­ po,n;oB Ha «Bb 30B», 6porneHHblH HM oˆiCTORTeJibCTBaMH. J13 3TOro Bb!Te-

CoL11-1anbHble 1'13MeHeHl'!R. Teop1-111 pa3e1-1rn11 o6iuecTea 59


KaeT 11 Kp11Tep11ii o6eeTBeHHoro pa3BHTHH. Cep11n rroeJie.n;oBaTeJibHbIX OTBeTOB Ha rroeJie)J;OBaTeJibHbl e Bbl30Bbl.n;omKHa 11eTOJIKOBbIBaTbeH KaK rrpoHBJieH11e poeTa, eeJI11 no Mepe pa3BepTbIBaHHH rrpoQeeea tta6mo.n;a­ eTe.R TeH.n;eHQHH K eMeeHHIO.n;eiieTBJ1H 113 o6JiaeTJ1 BHeIIIHero 0Kpyme­ HJ1H -cp11311qeeKoro 11JI11 qeJIOBeqeeKoro -B o6JiaeTb BHYTpeHHero.IIo Mepe poeTa Bee MeHbllle J1 MeHbllle B03Hl1KaeT Bbl30BOB, 11.n;y11x 113 BHeIIIHeH epe.n;bI,J1 Bee 60Jibllle IIOHBJIHeTeH Bbl30BOB, pom.n;eHHblX BHYT­ p11.n;eiieTByroeii e11eTeMbI 11JI11 JIH'iHOeT11.OeHOBHOH me Kp11Tep11ii poe­ Ta -aTo rrporpeee11BHoe.n;B11meH11e B HanpaBJieH1111 eaMoorrpe.n;eJieHHH

(Toiiu6u A. lloemu:J1Ceuuu ucmopuu.- M., 1991.-C. 250).CBoeo6pa3Hyro

KOHQerrQHIO KYJihTypHo-11eTop11qeeK11x THIIOB pa3BHBaJIII.A. CopoKHH. B KaqeeTBe TaKHX THIIOB OH paeeMaTpHBaJI COlHOKYJibTYPHbie cynepcu­ CTCMb. B oeHOBe opraHJ13aQJ1H 3TJ1X eyrrepeHeTeM JiemHT M11pOB033pe­

Hl1e, KOTopoe cpopM11pyeTeH Ha 6a3e onpe.n;eJieHHoro enoeo6a rro3HaHHH. II.A. CopoKHH B11.n;eJI Tp11 T11rra eynepe11eTeM: 1) err11p1-ITyaJI11eT11qeeKaH, B KOTOpOH Ha nepBOM MeeTe eTOHT eBepxqyBeTBeHHaH peaJibHOeTb J1 11e­ Tl1Ha; 2) eeHeyaJI11eT11qeeKaH, B KOTOpo:ti 11eTO'iHJ1KOM J1 Mepoii Beex Be­ eii np113HaeTeH qyBeTBeHHOeTb, oyeH11e; 3) 11.n;eaJIHeTH'ieeKaH, oe­ HOBaHHaH Ha eJ1HTe3e J1HTYHQJ1J1, pa3yMa J1 qyBeTBeHHOeTH..naHHble ey­

nepe11eTeMbl He MoryT 6bITb eBe.n;eHbl K cp11311qeeKOH peaJibHOeTH. 0HJ1 eyeeTBYIDT 11.n;eaJibHO, HO 11eTop11qeeKJ1 o6'beKTJ1BJ13HpyroTeH B MaTe­ pHaJibHblX «epe.n;eTBaX».

II.A. CopoKHH e'iHTaJI, 'iTO B eoQHOKYJibTYPHbIX rrpoQeeeax MOmHo

Bbl'iHeJIHTb orpaHH'ieHHOe BO BpeMeHJ1 JIHHeHHOe)J;BJ1)f(eHJ1e, a TaKme ye­ TaHOBJ1Tb HeKOTOpbie IIOBTOpHro een pHTMbl eMeHbl 0,Zl;HJ1X eOQHOKYJib­ TYPHbIX eyrrepe11eTeM.n;pyr11M11•.n;oM11H11pyroee M11poB033peH11e 11 o6yeJIOBJieHHbi e HM oeHOBHble rrp11HQJ1Ilbl BOenpHHTHH.n;eiieTBJ1TeJibHOe­ TJ1 rroeTeneHHO 11eqepnb1Ba10T eBOJ1 B03MOmHOeTH J1 3aMeHHIDTeH 0)J;HJ1M 113.n;Byx aJibTepHaTHBHbIX MHpOB033peHHH. CooTBeTeTBeHHO eMeHHIDTeH

11 THilbI eoQHOKYJibTYPHbIX cynepe11eTeM. OeHOBHbie rrpH'iHHbIH3MeHe­ HHH, eorJiaeHoII.A. CopOKHHy, Haxo.n;nTeH BHYTPH eyrrepe11eTeM. B Kaqe­ eTBe o.n;Horo 113BamHbIX11eTO'iHHKOB H3MeHeH11ii I.A. CopoKHH Ha3bIBaeT

no Heo6XO)J;J1MOeTJ1 HeUOJIHOe eoeTOHHHe J1HTerpaQHJ1 3TJ1X eynepe11eTeM.

 

3

I'Jto6a.n,uaa1fwi COlfUMb'H.btx u KYJtbmypubtx npo1feccoe

8 COBpe.MeUUO.M.MUpe

Teop11n KYJibTypHo-11eTop11qeeK11x THIIOBII.A CopoK11Ha np11HQ11rr11aJib­ Ho OTJIH'iaeTeH OT Teop11iirro.n;o6Horo T11na O. IIIrreHrJiepa 11A. ToiiH611TeM,

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