Market and Command Economies

Контрольная работа по дисциплине Иностранный язык

Экономика/ Бухгалтерский учет, анализ и аудит

Преподаватель Ганноха И.В.

Вариант I

1. Укажите номера предложений, в которых сказуемое выражено формой глагола в:

а) Present Simple, б) Past Simple, в) Future Simple:

1. My friend entered the Medical Institute last year.

2. All students take exams in winter.

3. The delegation will leave Tomsk on Monday.

4. Do you receive letters from your friends?

5. The students of our group attend all the lectures.

6. Some students failed their entrance exams.

7. The lecture will last two hours.

8. Shall we go to the disco in the evening?

9. He was good in mathematics, but he failed in physics.

Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в соответствующем времени. Предложения переведите.

1. Schoolchildren (to have) the longest holidays in summer.

2. The great Russian poet Pushkin (to be born) in 1799.

3. I (to speak) with my teacher tomorrow after classes.

4. The farmer (to like) to work in his garden every day.

5. The child always (to wash) his hands before dinner.

6. Last Sunday his little sister (to sleep) till ten o`clock.

Заполните пропуски глаголами to be в соответствующих формах. Предложения переведите.

1. Usually he … at home on Sunday.

2. Next year there … new equipment in our school laboratory.

3. Tomorrow I … either at the Institute or at home.

4. Now there … a beautiful garden near the house.

5. Ten years ago there … only a primary school in our village.

6. There … two terms in the academic year.

4. Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число:

A waiter, a play, a woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, a city, a boy, money, a mouse, a roof, a toy, a sheep, a tooth, a child, an ox, a deer, an information, a man, a tomato.

Переделайте предложения, используя множественное число.

1. Is that your child?

2. This story is unbelievable.

3. My foot is hurt.

4. This dress is very expensive.

5. There is a mistake in this task.

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Market and Command Economies

Economics is a science that analyses what, how, and for whom society produces. The central economic problem is to reconcile the conflict between people's unlimited demands with society's ability to produce goods and services.

In industrial Western countries markets are to allocate resources. The market is the process by which production and consumption are coordinated through prices.

In a command economy, a central planning office makes decisions on what, how, and for whom to produce. Economy cannot rely entirely on command, but there was extensive planning in many Soviet bloc countries.

A free market economy has no government intervention. Resources are allocated entirely through markets.

Modern economies in the West are mixed and rely mainly on the market but with a large dose of government intervention. The optimal level of government intervention remains a problem which is of interest to economists.

The degree of government restrictions differs greatly between countries that have command economies and countries that have free market economies. In the former, resources are allocated by central government planning. In the latter, there is not any government regulation of the consumption, production, and exchange of goods. Between the two main types lies the mixed economy where market and government are both of importance.

Словарный минимум к тексту
economics n 1. экономическая наука; 2. экономика
economic adj 1. экономический; 2. экономически выгодный; рентабельный
economical adj 1. экономный, бережливый; 2. экономичный
economist n экономист
economize v экономить; экономно расходовать или использовать
economy n хозяйство, экономика
command economy – централизованно управляемая экономика; нерыночная экономика
free market economy свободная рыночная экономика
mixed economy – смешанная экономика
society n 1. общество, общественный строй; 2. общество, организация, ассоциация
produce v производить, вырабатывать
production n производство
demand n спрос; требование; запрос; потребность
demand for smth – спрос на что-л.
to be in high / low demand – пользоваться большим / небольшим спросом
good^[1] n товар, изделие
service n услуга
market n рынок
allocate v (smth to / in smth, smb) 1. размещать, распределять (что-л. куда-л., кому-л.)', 2. ассигновать (что-л. на что-л., кому-л.)
resource(s) n ресурс(ы), средства
consumption n потребление
through prep через; посредством; благодаря
price n цена
at high/low prices – по высоким / низким ценам; при высоких / низких ценах
price for /of a good – цена товара, цена на товар
plan v планировать
planning n планирование
decision n решение
to make a decision – принимать решение
rely v (on smb, smth) полагаться (на кого-л. или что-л.)
entirely adv полностью, всецело
government n правительство
intervention n вмешательство
government intervention государственное вмешательство
level n уровень
at a certain level – на определенном уровне
restriction n ограничение
(the) former adj первый (из двух названных)
(the) latter adj последний (из двух названных)', второй
regulation n регулирование
government regulation – государственное регулирование
both adj pron оба, обе; и тот и другой
importance n важность, значение
to be of importance – быть важным, иметь (большое) значение

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