II. Define types of consonants

1. Consonants articulated by the tip of the tongue, which makes a complete obstruction with the alveoles.

a) alveolar consonants

b) post-alveolar consonants

c) palato-alveolar consonants

d) pre-dorsal consonants

2. Consonants articulated with two centres of complete or incomplete obstruction, when one place, or centre of articulation is formed by the sides (or one side) of the tongue, which are lowered, the other centre of articulation is formed by the back of the tongue raised to the soft palate, which produces the effect of "hardness".

a) bilabial consonants

b) fortis consonants

c) bicentral consonants

d) unicentral consonants

3. Consonants articulated by the upper and the lower lip.

a) faucal consonants

b) bilabial consonants

c) continuants

d) bicentral consonants

4. Consonants that are articulated by the tip of the tongue which moves behind the back slope of the teethridge.

a) pre-dorsal consonants

b) alveolar consonants

c) palato-alveolar consonants

d) post-alveolar consonants

5. Consonants articulated by the blade and the tip of the tongue.

a) flapped consonants

b) dorsal consonants

c) pre-dorsal consonants

d) dental consonants

6. Consonants that can' be prolonged during the stop-stage of their articulation.

a) fortis consonants

b) continuants

c) plosive consonants

d) rolled consonants

7. Consonants produced with the tip and the blade of the tongue placed against the upper front teeth.

a) dental consonants

b) dorsal consonants

c) fully voiced

d) fortis consonants

8. Consonants pronounced with the blade the tongue against either the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge.

a) pre-dorsal consonants

b) dorsal consonants

c) fortis consonants

d) faucal consonants

9. Occlusive noise consonants which are articulated by the soft palate raised against the back wall of the pharynx, which is accompanied by a nasal plosion and results in opening the nasal cavity for the flow of air.

a) fortis consonants

b) liquid consonants

c) faucal consonants

d) plosive consonants

10. Consonants articulated by a single tap of the tip of the tongue against the teethridge.

a) fortis consonants

b) flapped consonants

c) mediolingual consonants

d) plosive consonants

11. Consonants articulated by the tip of the tongue raised against the upper teeth or the teethridge.

a) forelingual consonants

b) fortis consonants

c) mediolingual consonants

d) lingual consonants

12. Voiceless plosives and constrictives, which are pronounced with strong muscular tension and strong expiratory effort (compare with lenis consonants).

a) voiceless consonants

b) voiced consonants

c) soft consonants

d) fortis consonants

13. Consonants produced by friction of the flow of air through the narrowing formed by articulatory organs.

a) fricative consonants

b) plosive consonants

c) occlusive consonants

d) fully voiced

14. Consonants pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating from the first to the last stage of their articulation.

a) occlusive consonants

b) fully voiced

c) fricative consonants

d) plosive consonants

15.Some phoneticians use this term to characterize the sounds /l, r/.

a) nasal sonants

b) plosive consonants

c) liquid consonants

d) soft consonants

16. Consonants articulated with the help of the middle part of the tongue.

a) mediolingual consonants

b) forelingual consonants

c) fortis consonants

d) lingual consonants

17. Consonants articulated with the blocked passage for the flow of air through the mouth cavity. This is effected by lowering the soft palate.

a) nasal sonants

b) liquid consonants

c) soft consonants

d) unicentral consonants

18. The sounds pronounced when the air on its way out breaks up a complete obstruction

a) mediolingual consonants

b) fricative consonants

c) plosive consonants

d) occlusive consonants

19. The consonants articulated by the tip of the tongue raised against the teethridge (there is a narrowing between them) and the middle part of the tongue which is simultaneously raised to the hard palate.

a) pre-dorsal consonants

b) alveolar consonants

c) palato-alveolar consonants

d) post-alveolar consonants

20. The consonants that are aticulated by forming a complete obstruction which bars the flow of air sent from the lungs through the mouth or nasal cavity. The organs of speech that form the obstruction produce a kind of explosion on their abrupt separation.
a) plosive consonants

b) faucal consonants

c) flapped consonants

d) continuants

21. Consonants pronounced when the tip of the tongue (or the uvula) vibrates in the flow of air and interrupts it repeatedly, so that the flow of air is momentarily obstructed by the vibrating organ (or organs).

a) rolled consonants

b) flapped consonants

c) continuants

d) fully voiced

22. Palatalized consonants.

a) rolled consonants

b) soft consonants

c) voiced consonants

d) voiceless consonants

23. Consonants pronounced with a single articulatory obstruction (complete or incomplete); e.g. /t, d, k, g, p, b, s, z, f, v, n, h/.

a) continuants

b) fortis consonants

c) unicentral consonants

d) faucal consonants

24. The consonants which are produced with the vocal cords brought together and vibrating.

a) rolled consonants

b) soft consonants

c) voiced consonants

d)) voiceless consonants

25.The consonants which are produced with the vocal cords taken apart and not vibrating.

a) rolled consonants

b) voiceless consonants

c) voiced consonants

d)) soft consonants

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