АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция

The Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive I

Читайте также:
  1. Examples of usage of the Subjunctive mood
  2. Exercise III. Analyse the Ukrainian sentences containing optative, incentive or subjunctive modality and translate them into English.

 

These two moods will be treated together because they have the same meaning and are practically interchangeable in use. They differ in form as well as stylistically.

Form: Subjunctive I is a synthetical form which survived from Old English. It has only one form, which is homonymous with the verb stem: be, do, have, go, write, etc.

The Suppositional Mood is an analytical form which is built up with the help of the auxiliary verb should for all persons + the Infinitive. The non-perfect Suppositional mood: should be, should do, should write. The perfect Suppositional Mood: should have been, should have done, should have written.

Meaning: Both Subjunctive I and the Suppositional Mood express problematic actions, not necessarily contradicting reality. These actions are presented as necessity, order, suggestion, supposition, desire, request, etc.

Expressing the same kind of modality, Subjunctive I and the Suppositional Mood are used in the same syntactic structures and are, to a great extent, interchangeable. However, they differ stylistically: thus, in the British variant of the English language Subjunctive I is only preserved in elevated prose, poetry or official documents. In neutral, everyday speech the Suppositional Mood is used. In American English Subjunctive I in neutral and colloquial speech is the norm:

He even suggested that I should play cricket with his sons (Br.E.).

He suggested that I come for her (Am.E.).


Use: A. Simple Sentence

In simple sentences only Subjunctive I is used in a few set expressions as a survival of old usage (the so-called formulaic expressions).

1. Most of them express a wish:

Long live the Army!

Success attend you!

Be yours a happy meeting!

Far be it from me to spoil the fun / to conceal the truth.

Suffice it to say that he is a liar.

God bless you! God save the Queen! Heaven forbid!

Confound your ideas!

Subjunctive I in such expressions can be replaced by “may + Infinitive”:

May success attend you! May your meeting be happy!

May the Army live long!

2. Some formulaic expressions have a concessive meaning:

Happen (come) what may (will).

Cost what it may.

So be it (Be it so).

Subjunctive I in these expressions may be replaced by Let + Infinitive:

Let it be so.

3. The only productive pattern of a simple sentence with Subjunctive I is the sentence expressing a command or a request with an indefinite pronoun as the subject:

Everybody leave the room!

Somebody switch off the light!

Subjunctive I may be replaced in such sentences by “let + Infinitive”:

Let everybody leave the room.

4. The Suppositional Mood is used only in one type of interrogative sentences beginning with And what if …? (А что если вдруг …?):

And what if he should come back?

 


1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 |

Поиск по сайту:



Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Студалл.Орг (0.003 сек.)