As (a) protection (against something)

Magee pulled up his collar as protection against the breeze.

3. [uncountable]the promise of payment from an insurance company if something bad happens

ￚ synonym coverage

4. [uncountable] contraception

Do you have any protection?

5. [uncountable] when criminals threaten to damage your property or hurt you unless you pay them money

protection money

Protective adjective

1. [only before noun] used or intended for protection

protective clothing

2. wanting to protect someone from harm or danger

Protective towards

I can't help feeling protective towards my kids.

Protective of

He's very protective of his younger brother.

3. intended to give an advantage to your own country's industry

protective tariffs

ￚ protectively a dverb

ￚprotectiveness noun [uncountable]

Contribute verb

1. [intransitive and transitive] to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in

Contribute to/towards

City employees cannot contribute to political campa igns.

contribute something to/towards something

The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.

2. [intransitive]to help to make something happen

Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.

Contribute to

A lcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.

Contribute substantially/significantly/greatly etc to something

Enya's success has contributed substantially to the current interest in Celtic music.

3. [intransitive and transitive] to write articles, stories, poems etc for a newspaper or magazine

ￚsee also contributor

Contribute to

one of several authors contributing to the book

Contribution noun

1. [countable]something that you give or do in order to help something be successful

Contribution to/towards

Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.

The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society. significant/substantial/valuable etc contribution

Wolko made outstanding contributions to children's medicine.

2. [countable] an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for something

a campaign contribution

Contribution of

A contribution of £25 will buy 15 books.

Contribution to/towards

Contributions to charities are tax deductible.

You can make annual contributions of up to $1000 in education savings accounts.

3. [countable] a regular payment that you make to your employer or to the government to pay for things that you will receive when you are no longer working, for example health care, a pension etc

income tax and national insurance contributions

Contribution to

Have you been making regular contributions to a pension plan?

4. [countable] a piece of writing, a song, a speech etc that forms part of a larger work such as a newspaper, book, broadcast, recording etc

Contribution from

a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers

a Christmas album featuring contributions from Carly Simon, Amy Grant, and others

5. [uncountable] when you give money, time, help etc

All the money has been raised by voluntary contribution.

Contributor noun ( countable)

1. someone who gives money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in

campaign contributors

Contributor to

Dr Win was a major contributor to the research.

2. someone who writes a story, song, speech etc that forms part of a larger work such as a newspaper, book, broadcast, recording etc

Contributor to

a regular contributor to Time magazine

3. formal someone or something that helps to cause something to happen

Contributor to

Cars are still one of the principal contributors to air pollution.

Shiver verb [intransitive]

to shake slightly because you are cold or frightened

ￚ synonym tremble

Jake stood shivering in the cold air.

shiver with cold/fear/delight etc She shivered with fear and anger.

see usage note shake

Shiver noun [countable]

1. a slight shaking movement of your body caused by cold or fear

ￚs ynonym tremble

A shiver ran through (=went through) me.

Shiver of

She felt a shiver of apprehension.

2. give you the shivers

informal to make you feel afraid

ￚsee also send shivers (up and) down your spine

Shivery adjective [not before noun]

trembling or shaking because of cold, fear, or illness

He felt shivery and nauseous.

Strain noun

1. WORRY

[uncountable and countable]worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time

ￚsee also stress

I couldn't look after him any more; the strain was too much for me.

Did you find the job a strain?the stresses and strains of police life

Strain for

The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us.

Strain on

It's quite a strain on me when he's drinking heavily.

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