Power and Energy

Read the English words and their translation into Russian. Then cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

rate [reIt] размер; уровень; величина (в расчёте на единицу чего-л.)

to rate оценивать

to pass проводить, пропускать

inventor изобретатель

physicist ['fIzIsIst] физик

mechanical engineer инженер-механик

to develop разрабатывать, создавать

unit ['jHnIt] единица измерения

observations наблюдения

quantity ['kwOntItI] количество

electronics [Jlek'trOnIks] электроника

to consume [kən'sjHm] потреблять, расходовать (напр. энергию)

torch [tLC] карманный фонарь

heat [hJt] теплота

to dissipate ['dIsIpeIt] рассеивать

relationship [rI'leISənSIp] зависимость; соотношение; связь

watt [wOt] ватт, Вт

kilowatt ['kIlqwOt] киловатт, кВт

milliwatt ['mIlIwOt] милливатт, мВт

device [dI'vaIs] устройство, прибор

negligible ['neglIGqbl] пренебрежимо малый, несущественный

squared возведённый в квадрат; в квадрате

doubling ['dAblIN] удвоение

power rating номинальная мощность

suitable ['sjHtqbl] подходящий, пригодный

amount [ə'maunt] величина, количество

joule [GHl] джоуль, Дж

kilojoule ['kJlouGHl] килоджоуль, кДж

power appliance электрическое устройство, прибор

candela [kan'delə] кандела (единица силы света в системе СИ)

mole [moul] грамм-молекула, моль

luminous intensity ['lHmInqs In'tensItI] сила света

substance['sAbstqns]вещество

Text 1

Famous Scientists

James Watt (1736 –1819)

James Watt, was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer. He developed the concept of horsepower. The unit of power, the watt, in the International System of Units (SI) was named after him.

James Prescott Joule (1818 –1889)

James Prescott Joule was an English physicist. He studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. The unit of energy, the joule, is named after him. Together with Lord Kelvin he developed the absolute scale of temperature. He found the relationship between the current through resistance and the heat dissipated, now called Joule's law.

What is power?

Power is the rate of using or supplying energy:

Power = Energy

Time

Power is measured in watts (W)
Energy is measured in joules (J)
Time is measured in seconds (s)

Electronics usually consumes only small quantities of power, so the power is often measured in milliwatts (mW), 1mW = 0.001W. For example an LED uses about 40mW. A lamp, such as a torch bulb, only uses about 1W.

The typical power used in mains electrical circuits is much larger, so this power may be measured in kilowatts (kW), 1kW = 1000W. For example a typical mains electric lamp uses 60W and a kettle uses about 2kW.

Text 2

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