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Fable 4. The classification of Ukrainian vowels according to the position of the tongue

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According to the vertical movement of the tongue According to the horizontalmovement of the tongue
front • back
close/high і [yl
mid и [o]
open/low [e] [a]

Table 6. Group oppositions in English and Ukrainian according to the vertical movement of the tongue (at the same position heights)

According to the vertical movement of the tongue According to the horizontalmovement of the tongue
    front • back
close/high і [yl
mid и [o]
open/low [e] [a]

Table 12. Quantitative syllable correlation in words

 

language Correlated percentage representation of syllables
1 syll. 2 syll. 3 syll. 4 syll. 5 syll. 6 or more
English 55.6 30.1   2.7 0.6 0.1
Ukrainian 9.7 39.3 29.8 15.4 4.8  
Russian 10.1   29.5   5.7 1.7

Table 5. Group oppositions in English and Ukrainian according to the horizontal movement of the tongue

  English Ukrainian
front-back [i:-u:] beat-boot [as-a:] cat-cart [i-y] 6iK-6yK [i-a] zpiM-zpaM [i-o] cim-com [h-v] Mup-jviyp [h-o] cuh-coh [n-a] jiUHb-naHb
front-retracted-back-advanced [i-v] kick-cook  
front-central [e-3:] bed-bird  
central-back [a-o:] tuck-talk  
back [a:-o] heart-hot  

Table 7. Group oppositions in English and Ukrainian according to the vertical movement of the tongue (at the different position heights)

  English   Ukrainian
close narrow- [i:-ae] seed-sad    
open broad [u:-o] soup-sop close-open [i-e] лгд-ледъ
close narrow- [i:-e] neat-net   [y-a] тук-так
mid narrow      
close narrow- [u:-o:] fool-fall    
open narrow   close-mid [и-i] pue-pie
close broad - [d-a] look-luck   [y-o] крук-крок
mid broad      
close broad - [i-e] bill-bell    
mid narrow   mid-open [и-е] клин-клен
close broad - [d-a:] look-lark   [о-а] сом-сам
open broad      

Table 8. Labialization of English and Ukrainian vowels

  English Ukrainian
labialized [o, o:,v, u:] [У, o]
unlabialized [i:, i, e, аз, а:, л, з:, э] [a, e, и, i]

 

Table 9.Typological features of the vowel system in English and Ukrainian


1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |

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