MONEY and SHOPPING

Economic (adj) relating to the economy, business and trade:The project will bring great social and economic benefits to the region.

Economical (adj) not spending or costing much money: The material is an economical substitute for plastic or steel.

Receipt (n) a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money or goods: Keep all your credit card receipts.

Bill (n) a piece of paper that shows how much money you owe after you have eaten in a restaurant: Could we have the bill, please?

Make (n) a product that is made by a particular company: This is a very popular make of car.

Brand (n) a product or group of products that has its own name and its made by one particular company: I tried using a new brand of soap.

Bargain (n) something you buy that costs much less than normal: Her dress was a real bargain.

Sale (n) an event or period of time during which a shop reduces the prices of some of its goods: I’m sure you’ll find the same dress in a sale if you wait a little.

Discount (n) a reduction in the price of something: Air Canada are currently offering a 10% discount on selected airfares.

Offer (n) a special price that is lower than the usual price for something: The shop had a half-price offer on CD’s.

Price (n) the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy something: Oil was at its lowest price in 30 years.

Cost (n) the amount of money that you need in order to buy something or to do something: The cost of basic foods has risen dramatically.

Change (n) coins rather than notes: Have you got change for a five-pound note?

Cash (n) money in the form of notes and coins: Do you want to pay in cash or by credit card?

Wealth (n) a large amount of money and other valuable things: He was a man of immense wealth.

Fortune (n) a large amount of money: They must have spent a fortune for flowers.

Till (n) a piece of equipment that is used in shops for adding up the amount of money that someone has to pay and for keeping the money in: The shop assistant opened the till and put the money into it.

Checkout (n) the place where you pay in a supermarket or other large shop: You don’t need to weigh the vegetables – they do it at the checkout.

Products (n) things that are made, grown or obtained in large quantities so that they can be sold: Come in and see our large range of software products.

Goods (n) objects that are produced for sale: Wilkins was found in possession of 8000pounds worth of stolen goods.

Refund (v\n) to give money back to someone because they have paid too much for something or have decided that they do not want it\the money that you get back.: Sandra asked the shop to refund her money as the jeans were too small.

Exchange (v) to give someone something in return for something that they give you: If this T-shirt doesn’t fit my sister, can she exchange it for a large one?

Fake (adj) made to look like something real in order to trick people: It turned out to be a fake passport.

Plastic (adj) made of a very common light, strong substance that is produced by a chemical process: I think that we should reuse all our plastic bags to help the environment.

MONEY

Money - coins stamped from metal (gold, copper, alloys), printed notes, given and accepted when buying and selling, etc.

Money in cash – наличные деньги

Money lender – кредитор

Money supply – количество денег в обращении

Money turnover - денежный оборот

Be coining/minting money - be getting rich quickly

Be in the money - (sl) be rich

Make money – earn it

Marry money - marry a rich person

Pay money down = pay in cash/not in credit

Invest money /put money in a business

Ready money = cash money

money-box – closed box into which coins are dropped through a slit, used for savings or for collecting contributions (to charities)

money-lender – one whose business is to lend money at interest

The money market – the body of bankers, financiers, etc. whose operations decide the rates of interest on borrowed capital-рынок краткосрочного ссудного капитала

money supply-количество денег в обращении

Advance money –аванс, задаток

In money terms =in current prices

Managed money - регулируемое денежное обращение

One’s money’s worth = full value for the money one has spent; We enjoyed the film so much that we felt we’d got our money’s worth.

Pocket money – (BrE) – allowance; AmE – money given weekly to a child by his\her parents

To pocket – to take money or something small for one’s own use, esp. dishonestly: He pocketed the money for the children.

Pocket-book – AmE – a woman’s handbag or purse.

V.

Text

Money has various uses in the modern world: it is a measure of the value of goods and services, a means of exchanging such goods and services and a way to store up buying (purchasing) power so that one can use it later. As a measure of value, it is of very greatest use. If I work in an office, how can my employer know what to pay me for my services if there is no generally recognized measure of value? He may decide to pay me a certain number of loaves of bread each week, but then I shall have to exchange some of these loaves for other thins that I need: and how am I to know how many loaves of bread I should give for a pair of shoes or for the rent of my house, for example? Money gives us a very useful means of measuring such relative values.

Money is also of very great use as a means of exchange of goods and services. If, for example, I am a shoe-maker, it will not be at all convenient to me always to have to exchange the shoes I make for other goods or services. A doctor may want to buy a pair of shoes from me, for example, but I may not need medical care, so he will then have to find something else that I want, or look for another shoe-maker who needs him. Without money the tax-collector would come back to his office with an extraordinary collection of objects.

Considered as a means of storing up buying (purchasing) power, money has good and bad points. It can more easily be kept a long time than such things as food, which rots, or buildings, which slowly fall to pieces, or machines, which rust. It takes up very little space, and if you put it in a bank, it is as safe as anything in the world can be.

But modern money has some very serious disadvantages as means of storing up buying power. In the old days, when money was in the form of gold and silver coins, the metal in each was really worth the amount stamped on the coin. But the paper in modern paper money and even the metal in most modern coins are worth very much less than the amount written on them. As a result, the buying power of modern money can change very greatly in a short time.

….It is not surprising, therefore, that some people are doubtful about the wisdom of saving money. [Hilll.A., Fielden R.D. Further Comprehension and Prices Pieces for Overseas Students. P.83].

Answer the questions:

1. What are the main uses of money?
2. What can you say about modern money and its disadvantages?
3. Why is saving money sometimes necessary?
4. What is the meaning of money to you?

Now read and translate the talking about money and possessions.

a) Is how much you earn important for your job satisfaction?

b) What the average wage in your country?

c) If you had a lot of money, what would you do?

d) If you had to leave your home in an emergency, what would you try to take with you?

e) Would you ever lend money or borrow money from someone?

f) How many jobs do most workers have in your country?

Match these comments with the questions above.

1. The average wage is equivalent of one hundred to one hundred and fifty dollars a month.
2. I’d travel – well, first I’d buy my house, a normal one, not an expensive one. And I don’t know about a car because I don’t know how to drive, so I’d think about that, and travel a lot. And then I help my family and my friends.
3. Especially now, one job isn’t enough. To survive, you have to do two jobs. Right now I’m working with computers and I’m driving; if I’m not driving, I’m helping my sons with the computers.
4. My brother, my personal papers, my passport, my qualification papers to allow me to work somewhere else.
5. Most people like to have a good wage, but also the satisfaction of knowing that you’re helping whatever company or whoever you’re working for, if you are a good worker.
6. Whenever we need some money, or we are short of money, we just ask our family or friends we work with in the office, and we’re willing to help each other that way. We know that when we get paid, we can return the money and we just think of it as normal, and other people just do the same thing too. But I have some foreign friends here and sometimes when they need money and I offer to lend them money, they’re really reluctant to accept that. They aren’t used to borrowing money from other people, but it’s something very common and normal in Vietnam.
7. I have a vision of helping other people, particularly children who are in school who need education. I think that would be my first priority.

Remember the meaning of these words:

Value: worth, marketable price, estimation (ценность)

Cost: price to be paid for a thing (стоимость)

Price: money for which a thing is bought or sold (цена)

Wage (wages): payment made or received at regular intervals (usually, weekly) for manual or mechanical work or services (зарплата)

Salary: fixed monthly or quarterly payment for regular employment on a yearly basis (жалованье)

Fee: charge or payment for professional advice or services (doctors, lawyers, private teachers) гонорар, вознаграждение).

Currency – a particular type of money used in a state, total amount in circulation

Hard currency – convertible money

Inflation = fall in value of money, increase in amount of paper money circulating; rise in level of prices due to relative increase of purchasing power

Interest rate – a sum paid by the borrow for the use of the sum lent

Monetarism – a financial policy of reducing taxes along with cutting public spending

Could you remember any world’s currencies?

What is the interest rate in the state saving bank of Russia?

Do you know any inflation figures in any developing country of the world?

Phrasal verbs:

Bank on - depend on sth happening

Come across – find sth or meet sb by chance

Come by – get sth, especially sth that is hard to get

Come into – inherit

Do without – live without (sth you can’t afford)

Get by – manage to survive (financially)

Get through – use all of, finish

Give away – give free of charge; reveal sth you are trying to hide

Live on – use as a source of money

Look round – examine (a place)

Make out – write all the necessary information on a cheque, etc.

Make up for – provide sth good, so that sth bad seems less important

Put by – save an amount of money for the future

Save up (for) – save money little by little (for a specific purpose)

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