WHILE INVESTIGATING MURDERS

Sichkovska I.V.

Lviv state university of internal affairs, Horodotska str. 26, Lviv, Ukraine i.sichkovska@ukr.net

Typical investigative situation – a situation that often arises in practice and determines the characteristics of investigation techniques (typical investigative leads, common tasks faced by investigators and the methods and means of solving them).

Success disclosure murder depends on whether you installed all the elements of criminological characteristics of the offense of murder. Elements of forensic characteristics and their reflection in the forensic characterization of a crime are the relationships between them. During the installation of one element may be provided information about another item or multiple items.

Investigation of the situation is individual in each case, as formed by the combination of various components at each stage of the proceedings of the investigation. Given the complexity and structure bahatokomponentnist investigation of the situation, the impact of different objective and subjective factors constant dynamism of the process, the result is a large number of options for investigation of the situation. Of course, all typify investigating the situation impossible, but we will quote the most common classification criterion for the division in which there are different kinds of reasons.

The above classifications reflect the majority position of scientists regarding this issue. In our opinion, the basis of classification is the classification of investigative situations foundations are formed depending on the category of tional criminal cases, forensic descriptions of the type of crime that should be taken into account when investigating crime and every stage of pretrial proceedings.

The analysis of investigative practices, we conclude that all investigative situations while investigating murders (in the general sense) can be divided into two groups: 1) investigating the situation "without a corpse"; 2) investigating the situation "with a dead body", which, in turn, it is advisable to divide the investigation of the situation "with the suspect" and "without it".

Study materials of criminal proceedings (criminal cases) allowed investigators to distinguish the typical situation of the initial stage of pre-trial investigation of the murders and investigate the prevalence of interest: 1) the disappearance of the person (murder hidden, long time, but only predictable because the corpse is found, the person the victim is known, but the unknown circumstances of her disappearance) (13%); 2) The secret murder, which was accompanied by the dismemberment of the corpse and hiding parts of the body (7%); 3) murder committed in secret obvious (no staging, revealed immediately or shortly after the murder, the killer is unknown at the scene found dead of unknown) (36%); 4) murder hidden, recently, but its mechanism is unclear (the corpse is found, the person sacrifices installed) (13%); 5) identification of the dismembered corpse (3%); 6) secret murder, criminal proceedings initiated by the discovery unidentified corpse (9%); 7) murder hidden, long time, but probably because the body is not found, but the remains – the skull and bones with remnants of clothing (the cause of death is unknown, we can assume and murder, and other causes of death) (12%); 8) murder of apparent (open), killer detained person of his knowledge (7%)

Key words: classification investigative situations, investigating the situation "with a corpse", investigating the situation "without a corpse", investigating the situation "with the suspect", investigating the situation "without a suspect".

Правильна оцінка загальних слідчих ситуацій можлива лише через детальний аналіз її елементів на кожному етапі розслідування. Кількість елементів, які визначають індивідуальні особливості ситуації, можуть бути різними….

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