Oil and gas transporting

Measuring pipes.

The main dimensions of the pipe that will be really useful during engineering calculations are (all measurements must be converted in metres!!!!)

- D=outside diameter (O.D. for USA system of units);

- B=inside diameter (I.D. for USA system of units, “bore” – for European countries);

- S=pipe wall thickness (WT for USA);

- L=length;

- C=circumference;

- r=inside radius (r=B/2).

Isometric and MTOs

Oil and gas transporting

The first you design a pipeline, then you assemble the pipes to create the pipeline, you should test it with pressure that 25 % higher than your working pressure; only after completing these operations you can start to exploit the pipeline.

What is the main purpose of pipeline? The answer: to deliver or to bring the oil and gas from the place of production to the user. So we need our pipelines to gather oil and gas in center of flow-lines of GOSP, to help to move flow through the processing equipment and to transport the flow between the plants to booster station and then to consumer.

Let`s imagine the well (figure 5). After the lifting up through the casing to the well head flow oil or gas changes the direction of vertical to horizontal and starts to move through the special pipeline – commonly called “flow line” to the center of GOSP (figure 6).

Figure 5 – The well

Figure 6 – GOSP

Depending on situation the well and the GOSP on field flow can pass as a short pass of 100 metres, as a very long pass with length over 10 km (diagram 2). And it passes through the pipeline, which was called “flow line”. The pipeline transports the flow of oil or gas from the well to GOSP. That`s why we can allow that the process of oil or gas gathering is the same is the same as transportation. So we can use the main equations of oil and gas transportation to describe the process of oil and gas transportation. Because in both cases the main force that move gas and oil from reservoir to user is a pressure and the basic condition of the flow movement is a pressure drop.

Diagram 2 – Flow line

The main problem in pipeline is deposits. They reduce oil or gas flow. Sometimes they block the pipeline completely. This slows production. So you should:

- inspect pipes and plan pipeline cleaning;

- put a launcher and receiver in the pipeline system;

- put a pipeline inspection gauge (sometimes called – PIG) into the pipeline;

and then:

- the oil or gas pressure in pipeline pushes the pig;

- the disk and brushes clean the pipe;

- the pig pushes the deposits out of the pipes;

you should only take out the device from the receiver.

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