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DISTRESS AND URGENCY MESSAGES
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NON-ROUTINE INTRODUCTION
Read and translate the text. Use the dictionary, if necessary.
DEFINITIONS
ICAO has some definitions concerning emergency procedures:
| Emergency phase | A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase. |
| Uncertainty phase | A situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants. |
| Alerting phase | A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants. |
| Distress phase | A situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance. |
| Rescue co-ordination centre | A centre established within an assigned search and rescue area to promote efficient organization of search and rescue. |
| Rescue unit | A unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the expeditions conduct of search and rescue. |
DISTRESS AND URGENCY MESSAGES
Every station received this kind of message should retransmit it to the ATC unit immediately and the controller must acknowledge it at once.
Emergency is a serious event that needs immediate action.
Urgency is a serious event that does not need immediate action.
Summarizing casual aeronautical experience a list of most common reasons for the crew to declare an emergency can be made:
1 mid-air explosion;
2 serious fire in the cabin or engine;
3 fire, oil or door warning lights;
4 loss of an engine;
5 bird strikes;
6 illness on board.
However, this list will never he comprehensive and complete. Each emergency must be treated as an event on its own. It may be similar to other emergencies, but there hardly could be two identical in every respect.
That is why it is totally impossible to define instructions for all cases and write such a document as phraseology for emergencies. Nevertheless, there are some standard procedures, which help to prevent chaos and make controller’s work organized and a bit regulated.
1. An aircraft under emergency gets priority over other aircraft.
2. Emergency signals are transmitted on frequency in use or special emergency frequencies. An aircraft in distress informs ATC using radiotelephony signal “Mayday” and sets its transponder mode A code 7700.
3. An aircraft having some difficulties, but which does not need immediate assistance can inform about it switching on and off its landing lights in a way different from the normal one.
4. An aircraft which has an urgent message concerning people safety, other aircraft or vehicle transits radiotelephony signal “PAN”.
Urgency message have priority over all other expect distress messages. Nobody may interrupt them.
In some cases it can be difficult to determine into which of the categories a particular incident falls, and is open to debate. With other events, the category is clear and not open to any argument.
English used in these events can be confusing, and often does not give the information a controller needs to make a reasonable assessment of the situation. The pilot may not be proficient in the use of English outside the standard laid down phraseologies. Any distress or urgency message must be as short, full and clear as possible.
And there are no laid down phraseologies for emergencies. If in doubt as to the exact nature of the problem, thank ask for clarification.
If unable to get more information from a hard-pressed crew, then go for the worst scenario. Never forget that one unusual can lead to another, and they can overlap.
Inform your supervisor. He will be able to do most of the liaison, which will be needed. Do not forget your other traffic. The necessity of transferring all the rest traffic to another frequency might arise. Radio silence might be imposed on all traffic except the flight in an emergency.
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