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Chapter V. The Numeral
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The Definition
The numeral denotes an abstract number or the order of thing in succession.
In accordance with this distinction the numerals fall into two groups: cardinal numerals (cardinals) and ordinal numerals (ordinals).
| Cardinals | Ordinals |
| 0 nought, zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 21 twenty-one, etc. 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one (a) hundred 101 one (a) hundred and one, etc. 1,000 one (a) thousand 1,001 one (a) thousand and one, etc. 100,000 one hundred thousand 1.00.0 one million 1.000.001 one million and one, etc. | 1st first 2nd second 3rd third 4th fourth 5th fifth 6th sixth 7th seventh 8th eighth 9th ninth 10th tenth 11th eleventh 12th twelfth 13th thirteenth 14th fourteenth 15th fifteenth 16th sixteenth 17th seventeenth 18th eighteenth 19th nineteenth 20th twentieth 21st twenty-first, etc. 30th thirtieth 40th fortieth 50th fiftieth 60th sixtieth 70th seventieth 80th eightieth 90th ninetieth 100th (one) hundredth 101st (one) hundred and first, etc. 1,000th (one) thousandth 1,001st one thousand and first, etc. 100,000th (one) hundred thousandth 1,000,000th (one) millionth 1,000,001st (one) million and first, etc. |
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The Cardinals
Among the cardinals there are simple, derived, and compound words.
The cardinals from one to twelve, hundred, thousand, million are simple words; those from thirteen to nineteen are derived from the corresponding simple ones by means of the suffix -teen; the cardinals denoting fens are derived from the corresponding simple ones by means of the suffix -ty.
Note:
Mind the difference in the spelling of the stem in three and thirteen (thirty), four and forty, five and
fifteen (fifty).
The cardinals from twenty-one to twenty-nine, from thirty-one to thirty-nine, etc. and those over hundred are compounds.
In cardinals consisting of tens and units the two words are hyphenated:
| 21 - twenty-one, | 35 - thirty-five, | 72 - seventy-two, etc. |
In cardinals including hundreds and thousands the words denoting units and tens are joined to those denoting hundreds, thousands, by means of the conjunction and:
103 - one hundred and three,
225 - two hundred and twenty-five,
3038 - three thousand and thirty-eight,
9651 - nine thousand six hundred and fifty-one.
Note:
If not part of a composite numeral the words hundred, thousand and million in the singular are always used with the indefinite article; a hundred pages, a thousand ways; in composite numerals both a and one are possible, but one is less common; a (one) hundred and fifty pages.
The words for common fractions are also composite. They are formed from cardinals denoting the numerator and substantivized ordinals denoting the denominator. If the numerator is a numeral higher than one, the ordinal in the denominator takes the plural form. The numerator and denominator may be joined by means of a hyphen or without it:
1/3 - one-third (one third),
2/7 - two-sevenths (two sevenths), etc.
In mixed numbers the numerals denoting fractions are joined to the numerals denoting integers (whole numbers) by means of the conjunction and:
3 1/5 - three and one-fifth,
20 3/8 - twenty and three-eighths.
In decimal fractions the numerals denoting fractions are joined to those denoting whole numbers by means of the words point or decimal:
0.5 - zero point (decimal) five,
2.3 - two point (decimal) three,
0, 5 - zero decimal five,
0,005 - zero decimal zero zero five.
The ordinals
Among the ordinals there are also simple, derivative and compound words.
The simple ordinals are first, second and third.
The derivative ordinals are derived from the simple and derivative cardinals by means of the suffix -th:
- four-fourth, ten-tenth, sixteen-sixteenth, twenty-twentieth, etc.
Before the suffix -th the final у is replaced by ie:
- thirty - thirtieth, etc.
Mind the difference in the spelling of the stems in the following cardinals and ordinals:
- five-fifth, nine-ninth.
The compound ordinals are formed from composite cardinals. In this case only the last component of the compound numeral has the form of the ordinal:
- twenty-first, forty-second, sixty-seventh, one hundred and first, etc.
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