Text 3 In the Dark

In 1989, a young Italian designer by the name of Stefania Follini entered a cave near Carlsbad, New Mexico, and stayed there for 131 days. Follini was a part of an experiment to determine how isolation and the absence of time cues affect the mind and body. For more than four months, she lived inside the Carlsbad cave in a 20-foot Plexiglas module. While she was living in the cave, she had no way of measuring time. No natural light reached her living space and she had neither a watch nor a clock.

How did Follini react to the isolation? During the first days of the experiment, Follini seemed tense and depressed. She got irritated when researchers outside the cave requested routine report, and she had trouble concentrating. But this changed as soon as she established a regular routine. As part of this routine, Follini measured her body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure as soon as she woke up. Researchers above ground received the results through a computer link up. Exercise and breakfast came next in her schedule. Then she filled the rest of the time before lunch by playing cards or playing her guitar and sometimes by drawing. After lunch she read and took a nap. When she woke up from her nap, she frequently practiced judo (she has a brown belt) and then after supper, she read until she fell asleep.

However her body rhythms affected during the experiment. When Follini entered the cave, her body rhythms were on a 24-hour cycle. Within a few days, however, this rhythm began to change. She went to bed later and later every night. Eventually she was staying awake for 30 hours at a time and then sleeping for 22 to 24 hours.

The results of this experiment will help researchers learn more about body's natural rhythms. With this information, researchers may be able to help people adjust to new routines and cope with unusual work schedules and long trips. With a better understanding of body rhythms, we may also find that we have a lot more energy than we realized.

Task 3: decide if the statements are True or False

11. This experiment took place in 1987.

12. The experiment showed that the absence of time cues does not affect the body.

13. Follini was not able to exercise while she was in the cave.

14. Her "days" got longer and longer while she was in the cave.

15. Her body rhythms stayed about the same throughout the experiment.

ROUND III. Творча письмова робота, 11 клас

Directions:

In this Test you will select from the three tasks written on the board one which you feel you are most capable to write about. You will then begin writing your essay on the pages provided. When you are finished close your papers, lay down your pen and wait for us to collect your test materials.

1. “The price of greatness is responsibility”.

Winston Churchill

2. The world needs heroes and anyone can be one.

3. It is believed that a person must be a specialist in a narrow field of knowledge. Do you agree with this or do you believe that people should acquire as much knowledge in various fields as possible?

ROUND IV. Усне мовлення, 11 клас.

In this Test you will choose from 20 topics to speak about. Each number corresponds to one topic. The number of your choice is the theme of your oral presentation. Take about a minute to collect your thoughts before you begin to speak on the topic.

1. Last bell and First bell are important traditions in many schools. Tell about these traditions and tell what each means and why they are important. Tell about other traditions at your school. Imagine that you are asked to make a movie about your school to send a pupil in America. But you do not have a movie camera. Describe in words what you would show in your movie about your school.

2. The Ministry of Education is going to add another year of school for all pupils. What are advantages and disadvantages of having another year of school? What opportunities will you have because of another year of school? Why did the Ministry decide to add another year for all Ukrainian pupils?

3. Young people today are called “digital generation” or “net generation”. Do you have any idea why? Do you agree with this statement or not? Give your reasons. What do you personally use gadgets for? Are you an on-line student?

4. Do today’s pop singers and actors and actresses provide good examples of how young people should behave and dress? Give examples of stars who are good examples of how people should behave, and give other examples of stars who set bad examples for young people.

5. ”Boys should care more about how they look and how they dress and girls should care less about these things.” Give your opinion about this statement.How fashion conscious are you? Do you give time and thought to what you wear each day? How much does this affect your daily routine? How would it be different if you didn't care about fashion? Why?

6. Art has long been described as the truest form of self-expression and depicting the complicated world around us.What form of art (music, film, literature, etc.) means the most to you and why? What specific work of art especially reflects something about you or how you think and feel? Describe how it represents you and your thoughts.

7. You are taking the entrance examinations for the university and you are asked to talk about the contributions to the world of Ukrainian science and technology.

8. Many people around the world think that “volunteer work” is a valuable thing, but some people think it is a waste of time. What are the advantages and disadvantages of “volunteer work” for a community? Why you think most people volunteer? What motivates them?

9. Sports are played and televised all over the world. People pay huge sums of money to attend events or see their favourite teams or games. Sports obviously have a universal appeal. Talk about one sport describing: how it is played, what are its most important rules, and what equipment is necessary for playing it.

10. Imagine yourself in ten years and describe your life. What are your greatest accomplishments? Tell about your personal and your professional life? What are some obstacles you have faced and overcome.

11. A younger person says to you: ”I think playing an instrument or playing football is a waste of time. I’d rather just watch TV”. Tell this young person how a hobby or interest can help in life. Tell how these interests can help when life is difficult for you and tell how a hobby can help you to succeed. Tell other reasons why you think having a hobby or playing a sport is better than watching TV.

12. Compare education in your country and education in one other English-speaking country that you have studied. Tell as many ways as you can how they are alike and how they differ.

13. Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. Do the benefits of study abroad justify the difficulties?

14. You are applying to a program which will pay for you to live for a school year in the USA. At the interview, the interviewers ask you to imagine that you are introducing yourself to your new American friends and family. Tell them about your family and your interests in Ukraine. Tell them about your character and personality, so they will know what kind of person you are. Tell them about your likes and dislikes, so they can plan well for your stay with them.

15. Everyone has his or her own set of priorities or a list of things that he or she considers more important than other things. What is most important to you in your life? What made you decide upon your list of priorities? Do you think priorities change over time? Why?

16. Your friend has some problems with his parents. They don’t understand each other. Give your advice. A teenager’s life can often be more difficult than their parents suspect. What real problems do teenagers face today?

17. There is a famous quotation that says: “The world is a book and people who do not travel have only read the first page.”What can you learn from visiting other countries? What country would you like to visit? What culture would you like to learn more about?

18. Ukraine is a nation made up of different traditions and cultural styles. Describe these differences briefly to a person who knows little of Ukraine's diversity. What traditions are you most proud of? Please describe them and explain why they are important to you.

19. Environmental issues regularly get into the news. What is the situation in your immediate neighbourhood? What can be done to make our planet a better place to live? What do you personally do to protect the environment?

20. The world would be the better place if everyone treated each other with love and respect. But people don’t always act like that…

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