Underclass that shames Scotland

64. Community TERM - the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or nationality.

He's well known in the local community.

There's a large black/white/Jewish community living in this area.

There's a real sense of community (= caring and friendly feeling) in this neighbourhood.

65. State-dependent community/people TERM

66. To address the problem COL – deal with the problem

67. Broken society TERM - a perceived or apparent general decline in moral values

68. Taxpayers TERM - all the people who pay tax to the government

69. Prosperity TERM - the state of being successful and having a lot of money:

A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent, upon the quality of education of its people.

The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity.

70. To manage smth WITH success COL, PREP

71. Vast areas (of smth) COL – extremely big areas

72. to mend, to heal (about problem. society) COL – to make or become well again

73. To divert attention TO smth COL, PREP – to change attention

74. Debt TERM - something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something:

He managed to pay off his debts in two years.

75. To place a burden ON smth COL, PREP

76. To resist the itch to do smth ID

77. To rise (about crime rate, unemployment rate) COL

78. To fail (about project, business, campaign) COL

79. For years to come ID – a long period in the future

80. Serious matter syn: serious problem COL

81. Nobody can fail to observe FUNC LANG for writing COL

82. Social disaster TERM – smth bad that happens in the social area

83. To be regarded as smth COL

84. To admit a problem COL

85. Lay out PHR – to arrange smth

Most of Manhattan is laid out in/on a grid pattern.

86. Unmistakably-mistake WF

87. To stigmatize (the poor, the underprivileged) COL - to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of them:

People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race.

88. State of affairs ID – the current situation

89. Resentment-resent WF

90. Disapproval OF smth/smb– disapprove of smb PREP

91. Undeniable-deny WF

92. Social deprivation TERM – a situation in which people do not have basic things that they need to live a comfortable life

93. To mask the reality/the problem syn: to gloss over a problem PHR

94. Housing TERM - buildings for people to live in

There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

95. To fund smth(a project) through smth (taxes) PREP, PHR – to provide the money to pay for smth

96. Consumer goods TERM - products that people buy for their own use:

Prices of consumer goods rose by 2.5% last year.

97. To meddle COL - to try to change or have an influence on things that are not your responsibility, especially by criticizing in a damaging or annoying way:

My sister's always meddling in other people's affairs.

People shouldn't meddle with things they don't understand.

98. in time PREP

99. ignorant OF smth PREP - not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something; not polite or showing respect

Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics.

We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead.

100. to impinge ON smth PREP - to have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way:

The government's spending limits will seriously impinge on the education budget.

101. working class TERM - a social group that consists of people who earn little money, often being paid only for the hours or days that they work, and who usually do physical work:

The working class usually react/reacts in a predictable way to government policies.

102. to be conscious OF PREP

103. single parenthood TERM – a parent has children but no partner to live with

104. drug / alcohol addiction TERM

105. antisocial behavior TERM – behavior which is harmful to society

106. juvenile delinquency TERM – committing crimes by young people

107. sector of society COL

108. make for smth PHR – to result in or make possible

Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system.

109. willing to do smth/ willingness to do smth COL

110. alleviate (about problems) SPELL - to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:

The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

111. deprived communities TERM

112. to some extent COL

113. find the means COL

114. be condemned as COL - to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons:

The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.

115. every bit COL

116. contribute to COL, PREP

117. scope for political action COL

118. social security TERM – a system of payments made by the government to people who are ill, poor, or who have no job:

He's on social security.

119. tax incentive TERM – taxes that make you want to work harder

120. Employers are being offered tax incentive to hire young people

121. to favour smth COL - to support or prefer one particular possibility:

In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over (= rather than) tax cuts.

to give an advantage to someone or something, in an unfair way:

She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.

122. to make a/much/little difference COL

123. to rise/to grow BY a considerable amount PREP

124. to embark on (reform/project) COL, PREP - to start something new or important:

We're embarking on a new project later this year.

125. to pay taxes COL

126. thoroughgoing – thorough WF

127. to pay salaries TO smb COL, PREP

128. to abandon the practice OF doing smth COL PREP

129. a prime cause COL

130. to dispense with PREP - to get rid of something or someone or stop using them because you do not need them:

They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job.

131. to highlight the problem COL - to attract attention to the problem

132. vigorously -vigorous WF – with a lot of energy

133. to show the indifference to smth COL, PREP

134. To make smth a priority COL

Voices of the poor

135. Inadequate (income) (Term) - no good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose.

136. Livelihood (Term) - the way you earn money in order to live

137. Sleep rough (idiom) - to sleep in the open, without a shelter

138. To treble smth - three times as big, as much, or as many as something else

139. To launch - to start, open, send something. (Launch a rocket)

140. Cardboard box cities (term) - an are in a large worn where people who have no home sleep outsider using cardboard boxes to try to keep warm.

141. Inner city (term) - the part near the middle of. City, especially where the buildings are in a bad condition and the people are poor.

142. Jobseeker's allowances (term) - money that the government pays to people who do not have a job but who are looking for it

143. Asylum seeker (term) - someone who leaves their own country because they are in danger, especially for political reasons, and who asks the government of another country to allow them to live there

Upward Mobility

144. Racial equity COL

145. end racism COL

146. Meritocracy - TERM - a system or society in which people have influence or status according to their abilities and achievements rather than because of the social class to which they belong

147. Upward mobility TERM / COL - a situation in which someone moves up in social class

148. Get ahead PHR - to be more successful, or to progress more quickly than, other people

149. Reach one’s full potential COL

150. Achieve gains in wealth COL / PREP– to become rich/richer

151. Move up PHR

152. flooded job market COL – market with a lot of unclaimed workforce

153. to be financially pressed COL

154. racism TERM - a way of behaving or thinking that shows that you do not like or respect people who belong to races that are different from your own and that you believe your race is better than others

155. class disparity TERM – a difference between social classes

156. diminishing income COL = income becoming less

157. insurmountable barriers COL = impossible to deal with successfully

158. stay on a par ID = stay on the same level

159. expand opportunity COL

160. cut the number of smth COL = reduce the number of.
Juvenile justice can’t cut the number of children suffered from adults.

161. shrink FROM … TO PREP

162. boomer TERM - someone who was born during the baby boom after the Second World War

163. undermine - to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful

164. ensuing (years) – future; going after

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