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US GOVERNMENT
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US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL PARTIES
PART ONE
US GOVERNMENT
1 The operation of the US government is based on the US Constitution which was adopted by Congress in 1789.
Under the federal system of government some of the most important powers are given to the federal (or national) government. The rest of the powers are exercised by the states. The national government is composed of three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Certain powers are given to each of the branches, but these powers overlap in such a way that the powers of one branch are limited by the powers of the others. This arrangement is known as the system of checks and balances. It is a basic part of the structure of the American governmental system. No person or institution can have unlimited authority. Each branch of the national government shares and limits some of the powers of the other branches.
2 The system of "checks and balances" is clearly illustrated by the president's relations with the Congress. The president proposes legislation, but the Congress does not have to enact it. He cannot put a treaty into effect without approval by two-thirds of the Senate. In 1973 the legislature limited the President's powers as commander-in-chief by prohibiting commandment of armed forces abroad for combat without specific congressional approval. The Senate must approve most of the president's appointments to the executive and judicial branches.
3 Another example of "checks and balances" is that the Congress must authorize money that is used to pay for programs which are administered by the executive branch. In this way the legislature exercises an important check on the executive branch and the power of the president. The financial authority or spending power of the legislature checks the spending power of the president.
A System of "Checks and Balances"
4 The Constitution provides for three equal and separate branches but each is to some extent dependent on the other two and there is a partial interweaving of their functions.
5 Executive Branch
| President suggests legislation to Congress Issues executive orders, rules and regulations with the force of legislation May veto legislation passed by Congress | President appoints federal judges May grant pardons from punishment for offences against the United States |
6 Legislative Branch
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