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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
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The laboratory setup to test Malus law is shown in Figure 3.12. Elements of the installation: 1 - source of natural light (Incandescent), 3 - polarizer, 4 - Analyzer, 6 - photocell barrier layer 7 - microammeter. All elements of the installation parts are fixed in special raters in order that they can be moved along the optical bench. Polarizer and the analyzer can be rotated around the axis 00ꞌ. For measuring angles in frames raters polarizer and analyzer have special limbs with a scale.
Figure 3.12. The experimental scheme
The laboratory setup to test Malus law is shown in Figure 3.12. Elements of the installation: 1 - source of natural light (Incandescent), 3 - polarizer, 4 - Analyzer, 6 - photocell barrier layer 7 - microammeter. All elements of the installation parts are fixed in special raters in order that they can be moved along the optical bench. Polarizer and the analyzer can be rotated around the axis 00ꞌ. For measuring angles in frames raters polarizer and analyzer have special limbs with a scale.
Polarizer and the analyzer, which is used in this experiment, are the polaroids. Each of them is a thin film made of celluloid, which consist of thin crystals of gerpatit. Natural light passing through these crystals split into ordinary and extraordinary rays polarized in mutually perpendicular planes. The gerpatit also has the property of dichroism. All ordinary rays are completely absorbed by the thin film of gerpatit's crystal thickness 0.1-0.3 mm. Through gerpatit can pass only the extraordinary rays. Thus, the natural light falling on the gerpatit's film turns at the output in a linearly polarized light.
Photocurrent on the microammeter is proportional to the light flux incident to the photocell or intensity of light, that transmitted through the analyzer i = kIi Maximum of fotocurrent corresponds to the maximum intensity imax= kI0.
According to the law of Malus is possible with parallel nicols, ie θ = 0. To any other provisions of Nicol is fulfilling relationship.
From the law of Malus follows that
Ii /I0 = cos2θ.
Can theoretically calculate the dependence of Ii/I0 = fT (cos2θ), construct its graph and compare with the graph of the experimental dependence Ii/I0 = fe(cos2θ).
The coincidence of graphs confirms the validity of the law of Malus.
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