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Market and Command EconomicsУТВЕРЖДАЮ Первый проректор СПГГИ (ТУ) ________ проф. Н. В. Пашкевич «_____» ______________ 2008 г. ТЕСТ К ЭКЗАМЕНУ По учебной дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов II курса ЭФ
Вариант 06.1.1.08
Составители: Иванова М. А. Лебедева И.С. Михеев А.И.
Санкт-Петербург 2008 г. I. БЛОК ЧТЕНИЯ Text 1. Read the text. Choose the best alternatives 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 to answer the questions. Market and Command Economics Economics is a science that analyzes what, how, and for whom society produces. The central economic problem is to reconcile the conflict between the people’s unlimited demands with society’s ability to produce goods and services. In industrial western countries markets are to allocate resources. The market is the process by which production and consumption are coordinated through prices. In a command economy, a central planning office makes decision on what, how, and for whom to produce. Economy cannot rely entirely on command, but there was extensive planning in many Soviet block countries. A free market economy has no government intervention. Resources are allocated entirely through markets. Modern economies in the West are mixed and rely mainly on the market but with a large dose of government intervention. The optimal level of government intervention remains a problem, which is of interest to economists. The degree of government restriction differs greatly between countries that have command economies and countries that have free market economies. In the former, resources are allocated by central government planning. In the later, there is not any government regulation of the consumption, production and exchange of goods. Between the two main types lies the mixed economy where market and government are both of importance.
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