THE UNITED KINGDOM. The United Kingdom today consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom today consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was created by Act of Parliament in 1801 and its peoples are known as British.

The United Kingdom is separated from the continent of Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 244 000 square kilometres.

Great Britain is an island. Therefore it has maritime climate with frequent rains, strong winds and continuous fogs. The weather changes very often but temperatures rarely exceed 32°C or fall below -10°C. The climate is not good for agriculture and many agricultural goods are imported from other countries.

Britain is a constitutional monarchy. This means that the monarch, at the moment Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State. Today the queen is not only the Head of the State, but also an important symbol of national unity, a symbol of British traditions. The British Parliament has two houses, or chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy.

At present there are two main political parties that come alternately to power: the Conservative party (or Tory), and the Labour party. The leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister. The party who comes second is the Opposition. British Prime Ministers have lived at 10 Downing Street since 1731. People often talk about "Downing Street" when they mean the Prime Minister and his or her Cabinet.

The country has a well-developed industry. Steel manufacture and shipbuilding were the oldest ones. In the last few decades service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. But manufacturing still plays an important role and many high-technology industries have been developed.

Britain is a densely populated country with some 51million people. The majority of the working population is engaged in industry. 80 per cent of its population lives in towns. There are many big industrial cities here: Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield and many others.

There are lots of institutions of further or higher education. Most students in Britain are taking full-time education courses. There are also part-time courses, half of which are for adult people. There are some 79 universities, Oxford and Cambridge being the oldest of them. They are famous for their first-class education as well as their beautiful buildings.

MY SPECIALITY

(Economics Faculty)

I am a student of the Economics Faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University. Students entering this faculty may specialize in the following fields:

1. Economics;

2. Economics and management at the enterprise of oil and gas industry;

3. Management, economics and administration at the enterprise of oil and gas
industry;

4. Economics and management at the enterprise of oil-refining and petrochemical
industry;

5. Mathematical methods in economics;

6. Taxes and taxation;

7. Accounting, analysis and auditing.

The first two years of studies are aimed at providing general education which includes humanities, social sciences, applied and natural sciences, computing and foreign languages. The next three years are devoted entirely to such special subjects as: economics, economic theories, management, accounting, auditing, taxation and many others.

Teaching is done through lectures, seminars and practical classes. Our students work at the Computer Centre of the University to gain practical experience of operating computer programs. It is here where practical classes on economic informatics are conducted. Some computers are connected to the global network-Internet and they can get access to valuable information. The skills of running a computer, mastering programming languages, making up programs are important for an economist's work.

Some students continue their research at the post-graduate courses if they have displayed excellent abilities as research workers.

Every summer all the students have their practical training at different enterprises, firms and banks, refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants where they collect material for their term papers and graduation projects.

It is very important to study economics in order to become a skilled specialist. The study of this field will enable to serve customers better, improve the performance of the firm and grow professionally. Economics is not easy to master but if you persist and learn its concepts, you will become better informed, more enlightened and your deeper understanding of any economical system will position you for growth and success in your profession.

Studying economics helps students to improve their analytical skills, which are in great demand at the workplace. Also the study of economics helps them to make sense of the everyday activity.

Graduates of this Faculty will become multifunctional workers. After graduating from the University students will be able to find a job in any business: commercial and state banks, research institutes, joint - stock companies, city and district planning committees, large-scale and small businesses and other enterprises.

Our country needs highly skilled economists to work in various spheres of economics and management, and all the students should study hard to become such specialists.

MY SPECIALITY

(Architecture)

The Faculty of Architecture and Building Engineering of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University trains architects, civil and sanitary engineers. It was founded in 1969. Young people choose the career of an architect because it is quite easy for an architect or a building engineer to find a well-paid job or start their own business in this country.

The students of this faculty study different subjects to get scientific and professional training. Architects must know mathematics as well as many facts about building materials. They also need some knowledge of sculpture, design, city planning, drawing, painting, foreign languages, history of arts, etc. All these will help them to become well-educated specialists.

Designing a building, an architect should consider structural principles and materials, social and economic requirements. They should always keep in mind three basic aims of building - convenience, strength and beauty, as any building should serve some definite needs of people, either practical or emotional, or both. Every building should be pleasant in appearance, strong and durable.

An architect should be an artist as well as an inventive engineer. A professional architect deals with designing houses, industrial and public buildings. The latter include hospitals, clubs, sports centres and others.

The chief task of an architect is to improve the quality of their creations, both artistically and technically, and to keep up the best traditions of native and foreign architecture.

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