TAUTOLOGY

The speaker resorts to the repetition and enumeration of the type de­scribed above quite intentionally and consciously. However, repetition may be of unintentional, involuntary or tautological nature.

Classification. Tautological repetition may be caused by the following reasons:

1. The speaker's excitement, fright, scare, petrification, grief and other

deep emotions:

Darling, darling Bundle. Oh, darling Bundle. She's dead; I know she's dead. Oh, my darling. Bundle darling, darling Bundle. I do love you so. Bundle -darling - darling...

2. Slipshod organization of the utterance, low cultural level of the speaker:
No one could do the job more better.

I ain 't got гю cigarettes from nobody.

The name of my informant... the name of my informant... the name

of... the name. The name escapes me.

3. Peculiar physical condition of the speaker: alcoholic intoxication, drows­iness, unconsciousness, etc.:

"I did... what you said..." Dun gasped, closing his eyes and squeez­ing the words out in painful jerks. "It was too late... Give me something, Doc... Give me something, quicklу.... Got to hold out., get us down... She's on autopilot but... got to get down... Must tell Control... must tell..." His mouth moved silently.

With a desperate effort he tried to speak. Then his eyes rolled up and he collapsed.

Мені болить голова... Я хочу трохи спочити... трохи спочити.

От іменно... спочити б трохи...

Communicative functions. Generally speaking, involuntary repetition has little to do with stylistics. It becomes stylistically significant when used in writing as a characterization device.

Still another SD dealing with the arrangement of members of the sentence is suspense - a deliberate postponement of the completion of the sentence. The term "suspense" is also used in literary criticism to denote an expectant uncertainty about the outcome of the plot. To hold the reader in suspense means to keep the final solution just out of sight. Detective and adventure stories are examples of suspense fiction. The - theme, that which is known, and the rheme, that which is new, of the sentence are distanced from each other and the new information is withheld, creating the tension of expectation. Technically, suspense is organized with the help of embedded clauses (homogeneous members) separating the predicate from the subject and introducing less important facts and details first, while the expected information of major importance is reserved till the end of the sentence (utterance).

A specific arrangement of sentence members is observed in detachment, a stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation (intonation). The word-order here is not violated, but secondary members obtain their own stress and intonation because they are detached from the rest of the sentence by commas, dashes or even a full stop as in the following cases: "He had been nearly killed, ingloriously, in a jeep accident." (I.Sh.) "I have to beg you for money. Daily." (S.L.) Both "ingloriously" and "daily" remain adverbial modifiers, occupy their proper normative places, following the modified verbs, but - due to detachment and the ensuing additional pause and stress - are foregrounded into the focus of the reader's attention.

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