I. Consult the Topical Vocabulary and learn expressions with the word

“terrorism”. Learn them by heart and use in the sentences of your own.

II. Find the odd word:

1. All progressive world wants … terrorism.

a) to eliminate,

b) to uproot,

c) to end,

d) to instigate,

e) to cope with

2. Various countries began … terrorist organizations to promote state interests in

the international domain.

a) to support

b) to sponsor

c) to thwart

d) to promote

3. The leaders of extremist organisations…terrorism.

a) instigate,

b) foment,

c) fuel

d) curb

e) incite

4.The main idea of this issue is… of terrorism.

a) condemnation

b) denunciation

c) renunciation

d) promotion

5.Some of Arab countries don’t want to …

a) reject

b) renounce

c) give up

d) stop

e) to be involved in

III.Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian /Russian:

1. There is no universally accepted definition of terrorism. According to expert Walter Laqueur, "the only general characteristic generally agreed upon is that terrorism involves violence and the threat of violence."

2. Terrorist violence may be perpetrated by rebels in opposition to an established social order or it may be inflicted by a state upon its own citizens or those of another state.

3. Some, particularly political conservatives, claim that only acts of "revolutionary" violence should be considered terrorist in nature; Thus, terrorism, can loosely be defined as the use of violence to bring about a change in a particular social order.

4. The central item that distinguishes terrorism from other kinds of coordinated violence is the often-random choice of targets, giving the appearance of senselessness and chaos.

5. The actual definition of terrorism is not as much debated as which parties and which acts of violence are to be labeled "terrorist."

6. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a political ob­jective.

7. Any act of violence is certain to at­tract television coverage, which brings the event directly into millions of homes and exposes viewers to the terrorists' demands, grievances, or political goals.

8. State terrorism is defined by some as violence upon a national population committed by national governments or their proxies.

9. Some of these actions, such as mass imprisonment and using violence against peaceful demonstrators, would be classified by some as state terrorism.

10. Notable examples include Neo-Nazi groups, but most who engage in violence for ethnic or racial causes qualify.

11. Revolutionary terrorism is the use of systemic, terroristic violence to bring about a revolution.

IV. Give antonyms:

1. victory

2. to achieve

3. innocent

4. deliberate

5. to exclude

V. Give English equivalents of the following expressions:

1. ослаблять оппозицию

2. преувеличивать; приверженцы анархизма

3. внутренние конфликтного

4. дестабилизировать существующие политические институты

5. ультралевые, ультра­правые

6. ослаблять оппозицию

7. преувеличивать

8. похищение людей

9. различные религиозные вероисповедания

10. воздушное пиратство

11. брать пример с кого-то, возвращаться к примеру кого-то;

12. телерепортаж

13. политическое убийство

14. запугивать кого-либо

15. захват заложников

16. поджоги

17. ни в чем не по­винные граждане

18. люди, стоящие у власти

VI. Complete the text with the words and word combinations from the box:

Terrorism is a special type of..... It is a tactic used in peace,… and war. The threat of terrorism is ever present and an attack is likely to occur when least expected, so we can call it... violence.

Nowadays terrorism is... on a global scale in its various forms stretching from... to bombings and perpetration of hoaxes. Techno­logical advances gave the violence even greater sophistication and..., resulting in thousands of deaths. Moreover, modern terrorism tends to publicize its... and goals. It often drives target selection: the greater the symbolic value of the target, the more... the attack brings to the terrorists and the more fear it generates. Anyone can... a terrorist situation, anyone can be a... victim.

Under totalitarianism terror is the... of a state policy, though... legitimately. There are no restraints to encourage... the national ideology of the country.

VII. Translate the following text into English using words and word combinations from the text:

Терроризм уходит своими корнями глубоко в века. Еще древние историки отмечали эффективность ведения психологической войны с противником, которая и лежит в основе террористи­ческой деятельности. Террор или его элементы были характерны для многих событий нашей истории. Некоторые приверженцы революционных идей, например, выступали за подобные мето­ды ведения борьбы. Они искренне верили, что убийство людей, стоящих у власти, есть верный способ политического и соци­ального преобразования общества.

Надо отметить, что до XIX в. террористы, как правило, при­знавали неприкосновенность (immunity) за определенными ка­тегориями граждан, не причастных к конфликту. Женщины, дети и старики обычно не были их мишенями. Например, когда в России конца XIX в. радикалы планировали убийство царя Александра II, они несколько раз отменяли операцию из-за риска уничтожения ни в чем не повинных людей.

Впоследствии, с развитием бюрократической системы госу­дарств, террористы стали обращаться к косвенным методам атаки, не исключая при этом никого для большего политичес­кого эффекта. Такая непредсказуемость и произвол создавали в обществе атмосферу тревоги и подрывали у народа уверенность в своем правительстве, которое было не в состоянии защитить своих граждан. В панике люди требовали, чтобы правительство пошло на уступки (to make concessions) террористам.

Традиционные методы и формы терроризма известны во всем мире. Это политические убийства, похищения, захват зда­ний и заложников, воздушное пиратство, поджоги. Но в наши дни технического прогресса и относительно легкого доступа к оружию терроризм принял еще более разнообразные и изощ­ренные формы. К услугам террористов имеются компьютеры, новейшие виды компактных взрывных устройств, что избавля­ет их от необходимости возвращаться к старым забытым фор­мам борьбы террористов прошлого века.]

VIII. Read and translate the following text without a dictionary:

Political violence has characterized the last years of this and will characterize the early decades of the twenty-first century. One promi­nent form will be the practice of terrorism. The universal availability of weapons, explosives, and technologically sophisticated timing and triggering devices, along with the global communication revolution, adds to the terrorists' capabilities. Increased capabilities include, co­ordinated, nearly simultaneous attacks in several countries, fax death threats, and comparison of target lists by computer. Concurrently, intrastate conflicts, political uncertainty, and growth of ethnic challeng­es to the administrative state are weakening the states' security capa­bilities. Coupled with the increased porosity of state borders, these trends are making it easier for the terrorist to move anywhere in the world with little chance of being apprehended or even identified.

Future terrorism is likely to include higher than ever levels of vio­lence. Although technology aids in the defense against terrorism, it also provides terrorists with increased opportunities. Terrorists can operate in cyber space to destroy or manipulate information for their own purposes. Skilled "hackers" with terrorist intent can access all but the most secure data banks, stealing or changing information, or destroying it. Access to police and other security files can keep terror­ists one step ahead of their government opponents.

Seeking more spectacular attacks, terrorists may poison water sup­plies or create ecological disasters by starting fires and causing chemi­cal spills. The potential for using weapons of mass destruction, in­cluding biological and nuclear material, exists.

IX.Match the given notions with the suitable definition:

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