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АвтоАвтоматизацияАрхитектураАстрономияАудитБиологияБухгалтерияВоенное делоГенетикаГеографияГеологияГосударствоДомДругоеЖурналистика и СМИИзобретательствоИностранные языкиИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКомпьютерыКулинарияКультураЛексикологияЛитератураЛогикаМаркетингМатематикаМашиностроениеМедицинаМенеджментМеталлы и СваркаМеханикаМузыкаНаселениеОбразованиеОхрана безопасности жизниОхрана ТрудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПриборостроениеПрограммированиеПроизводствоПромышленностьПсихологияРадиоРегилияСвязьСоциологияСпортСтандартизацияСтроительствоТехнологииТорговляТуризмФизикаФизиологияФилософияФинансыХимияХозяйствоЦеннообразованиеЧерчениеЭкологияЭконометрикаЭкономикаЭлектроникаЮриспунденкция
Table 3
| Country | Introduction and modernization of infrastructure for electronic processing of trade documents and related data exchange |
| Albania | 1) ASYCUDAWorld (AW) is now fully operational in the Albanian Customs Administration (ACA) headquarters (HQ) and all Customs offices. At the beginning of 2008, the Albanian Customs Department has signed with UNCTAD an agreement for the upgrade of its systems to ASYCUDAWorld, the latest web-based version of the ASYCUDA family. In all customs offices the following procedures can be done electronically: all customs declarations are processed through ASYCUDA; Direct Trade Input is fully implemented; all customs regimes are implemented, including transit and warehousing; customs officers are allocated for physical inspection automatically by the system; updates of reference data (tariff etc) made in the ACA HQ are automatically available in all Customs offices; all customs declarations are automatically consolidated in the Customs HQ database. 2) The Albanian government is working towards the establishment of a Single Window on a step by step basis. For this purpose an Interinstitutional Working Group has been established. The first step is data harmonisation between customs authorities and other institutions involved. For this purpose, during this phase the work has been focused on the identification of all the documents requested (licenses, authorisations, certificates etc) for customs purposes and the institutions involved. In this context, there have been identified several authorisations issued by line ministries and other institutions and selected two types of authorisations (veterinary and phyto-sanitary) in order to initiate the data harmonisation. 3) The E-signature Law is in place since 2008 providing the legal framework for the recognition and certification of the e-signatures but it is not yet fully implemented. |
| Azerbaijan | 1) It was created a single automated control system in the customs service "(SAIS), which consists of the following modules: a) the system of "single window" to test and delivery of goods and vehicles crossing the state border checkpoints of the Republic of Azerbaijan; a) the system of customs clearance and customs control of goods and vehicles; b) the system to combat customs offences; c) Risk Management System; d) E-system workflow; e) the resource management system (ERP); f) human resource management system. 2) An internet page SCC AR (www.customs.gov.az) on which the following interactive electronic services are given: a) issuance of the identification number of the payer of customs payment; b) the completion and submission of customs declarations of passengers; c) preliminary information about goods and vehicles; d) assistance in foreign economic activity (exports and imports of goods and vehicles). |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1) In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) there are simplified procedures for: declaration of goods for release for free circulation, the customs procedures with economic impact and export procedures, the principle laid down by Article 73 Law on Customs Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the provisions of Article 160 - 196th Decision on Implementing Regulations of the Law on Customs Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Currently, the ITA approved simplified reporting procedures based on invoices while inspecting the goods at the customs office (BC) and the submission of additional applications for aggregate control customs office for a certain period of time and it is easier for merchandise that is easily recognized and identified and for which the review and the procedure can be carried out on the very border and ensure its regularity. In ВiН there is inter institutional data base of Border agencies and they have electronic exchanges of data between themselves. 2) It is planned to upgrade the current ASYCUDA system in order to enable it to receive declaration data and further process it. 3) Bosnia and Herzegovina was beneficiary of SEMS (South-East Europe Messaging System), which is the project funded by the European Commission (EC). The SEMS project has two main purposes: continuation of support services for the current SEMS implementations in the Western Balkans region and the implementation of the common concept as regional standard for the exchange of encrypted pre-arrival information in "real-time". Overall project objectives are: improvement of administrative capacity, law enforcement department, IT Department, prevention of Customs fraud, prevention of swapping of documents at the border, risk analysis of pre-arrival data, speeding up of legitimate trade, faster customs formalities for announced movements of reliable traders, huge number of pre-arrival records - more officers at the BCP. 4) SEED ─ started on 14 September 2010 (this project is next stage of SEMS Project). Beneficiary Administrations are: Customs Administration of Albania, Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonian Customs Administration (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), Customs Administration of Montenegro, Kosovo Customs, Customs Administration of Serbia. Purposes of this project are: automatic data matching: YOUR EXIT IS MY ENTRY; analysis of pre-arrival data and alarm functions: YOUR (DEPARTURE) DATA assessed by MY RISK CRITERIA; external communication node: single, reliable and secure gateway to the Customs IT Infrastructure. Concept of the SEED system is agreed on the regional level and accepted by all 6 beneficiary administrations. SEED Concept is based on Standards, which are events that initiate data generation; Data Cluster, which are data models for all messages; Interfaces (XML, Web Services): between SEED system and the CDPS (integration), between SEED servers in different administrations. Concept has been agreed on regional level. However, due to absence of central authority (respected by all 6 Beneficiary Administrations) which will store and protect data and handle message routing, it has been decided that: implementation will be done on bilateral basis, using Standards of the Regional Concept, which implies legal base ─ signing of the Bilateral Protocols and IT aspect ─ establishment of bilateral electronic data exchange links. Advantages of bilateral implementation are: sequential implementation (link-by-link), flexibility for amendments of the legal base (2 parties only), flexibility for IT amendments (including switch to star topology with central location), legal basis. Framework is Customs Mutual Administrative Assistance Agreements (CMAAA) Bilateral Protocols on electronic data exchange that specify scope of data which will be exchanged and include data security and personal data protection articles. These Protocols refer to Annex 5 of the Agreement on Amendment of and Accession to the Central Europe Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods and other international conventions and instruments dealing with customs frauds and trade facilitations. 5) The Law on e-signature has been adopted. However, other regulatory changes need to be made in order to remove paper declaration all together. |
| Greece | The main aim of the reform programs in Greece is integration into e-customs as a national version of the Online Customs Tariff Database (TARIC), the enabling of electronic submission of all data/documents related to the declaration procedure, simplification and electronic automation for selected pilot products. |
| Italy | 1) Converting key documents into electronic forms/messages used for the import, export or transit of goods, such as the certificate of origin, licenses, or customs declaration is an ongoing process within Customs Single Window project and one of the ITH/Italy goals. 2) Introduction of a common IT system, such as an electronic Single Window, to receive the declaration data for further processing is pursued both in the ITH/Italy and Customs Single Window ongoing projects. 3) Regulatory changes to allow for digital/e-signatures and removing the paper declaration all together are within Customs Single Window ongoing project. |
| Republic of Serbia | 1) The Customs adninistration converted Customs declarations into electronic messages when it conducs simplified procedures to an authorised consignor and an authorised consignee, and also it conducts electronic communication with postal declarations ─ Form SR 72. In the full sense electronic clearance is in the early stage, but electronic submission of customs declarations is 99%. 2) Electronic centre has also been created which, encompassing all channels of communication, enables registered external users to apply for certain services via Internet. Simultaneously, anonymous external users have been enabled to submit information on the violation of regulations through the open customs line. 3) In 2012, the electronic signature was introduced based on the qualified digital certificate which enables paperless business transactions in the clearance and transit procedure. Besides, regulatory changes were made to allow for digital/e-signatures and removing the paper declaration all together. They included: § The Law on electronic signature ("Official Gazette of RS" No 135/2004 from 21.12.2004). § The Law on electronic document ("Official Gazette of RS" No 51/2009 from 14.07.2009). The provisions of Article 4 of the Customs Law regulate that the customs authorities implement and use information technologies when it is profitable and efficient for the Customs Administration, as well as economy in general. The Director General of the Customs Administration specifies the conditions under which the traders may contact the Customs Administration electronically. Furthermore, the provisions of Article 86, paragraph 1, item 2, the Customs Law stipulate that the declaration may be submitted through electronic data exchange, if it is provided for by the technical possibilities and if the use of electronic means has been approved by the Director General, whereas the provisions of Article 102 of the same Law stipulate that in the event of submitting the declaration through electronic data exchange, the provisions of Articles 87 to 101 of this Law shall be applicable that refer to the declaration in written form. Currently, it is possible to submit the customs documents electronically (The Single Administrative Document and the summary declaration), but for their acceptance, it is necessary to submit also the customs documents in written form to the customs authority. |
| Russian Federation | ■ |
| Tajikistan | 1) One of the important steps from a paper based environment to paperless trade is developing customs IT system and its operation in 2012. Now 98% of customs declaration inside of Customs Service processing through EAIS system. Next step: link Customs IT system with SW and provide electronic exchange of information. 2) Two working groups are working on legal aspects of SW implementation. One of them especially works on Law of Electronic digital signature, which is very important for electronic data exchange. |
| Turkey | 1) Traders are able to submit their declarations from kiosks at customs offices as well as from their own offices by "EDI" (Electronic Data Interchange) or on Internet to the BiLGE system. 2) A project regarding the implementation of an electronic Single Window is in progress. 3) Authorized traders can submit electronic customs declaration for exportation without having to print out a signed paper based copy. |
| Uzbekistan | 1) According to the measure on introduction of the system of electronic customs declaration, specified in the Second Reform Program, the Government adopted the resolution (№370 dated 29/12/2012) on introduction of the system of electronic customs declaration starting from January 1, 2013. 2) According to the resolution №305 the work on automation of the (physical) Single Window system for exporters done by the State Customs Committee (SCC) has been in progress since mid 2012. In parallel, SCC is in the process of finding an international donor organization (ADB, KOICA, etc.), which will financially support the Project implementation in Uzbekistan. By January 2013, KOICA (Korea) expressed preliminary interest to support SCC with financial resources (in the form of a grant) of up to 5 mln. USD to develop fully- automized SW system. |
| Ukraine | 1) According tothe Customs Code of Ukraine and the Regulation on Customs declaration, approved by the Legal Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 450 from 21.05.2012, submission of electronic customs declaration is increasingly accepted. Electronic declaration of goods is available to all businesses that are registered with the customs authorities and have obtained digital signatures. An electronic declaration is completed on the form of a Single Administrative Document approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine № 651 from 30.05.2012. 2) In Ukraine an electronic Single Window system is introduced and widely used. The principle of "Single Window" works at 92 checkpoints on the state borders: 44 out of 109 (or 56%) road border checkpoints; 21 out of 38 (or 55%) railway border checkpoints; 13 out of 23 (or 57%) air traffic checkpoints; 14 out of 47 (40%) sea, river and ferry checkpoints. Soon Single Window is to be implemented in all 217 checkpoints on the state borders. For example, in the department of customs clearance № 2 of Chernivtsi Regional Customs due to a system of Single Window the time of customs clearance has reduced from 3 hours to 1 hour and an admission capacity as well as revenues to the budget has increased. Since October 8, 2012 it has been functioning a unified information system of port community under the program "Single Window - local solutions" in the area of Southern customs and the port "Great Odessa". This information system allows removing the paper declaration all together. In addition, in accordance with the Decree of the Customs Service of Ukraine № 1103 from 30.12.2011 "On approval of the Instruction on the use of software-hardware module "Information Terminal", software-hardware module "Information Terminal" is to be situated in the premises for the declarant in the location of the Customs clearance department and is to be used for declarants to enter electronic copies of paper customs declarations into the automated system of customs clearance by means of electronic media. This also reduces the time of customs clearance and facilitates trade. 3) Under the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 219 from 21.03.2012 "On approval of the criteria for assessing the risk level of the activity of a customs broker and for determining the terms of state control" and the Protocol of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 2 from 21.03.2012, Accredited Certification Centre began from May 2012 free issue of digital signatures to customs brokers and economic operators. During 2013 the State Customs Service plans to fully substitute paper declarations by electronic declarations on regulatory and operational levels. |
Trade facilitation is also closely connected with simplification of export and import procedures as well as transit formalities. Furthermore, advance ruling, risk management system and authorized economic operators implemented by Customs authorities promote higher certainty, predictability and reliability in supply chains. The main steps taken by the countries in the direction of export and import facilitation are summarized in table 4.
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