Summary and concluding remarks

Having analyzed the facilitation instruments used by the abovementioned eleven countries for undertaking reform programs in the area of trade facilitation, we can conclude that the most applicable ones are international conventions (the RKC, TIR Convention, International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods), international standards and recommendations (UNECE/UNCEFACT Trade Recommendations and e-Standards, WTO, EU and CEFTA rules, SAFE Standards, EU Customs Blueprints). However, guidelines and guides, case stories and best practices are not used in such a great context. In our opinion, utilizing of all international trade facilitation instruments, especially TFIG UNECE, in as wide scope as possible will improve capacities of the customs administrations to meet the requirements of a full and stable implementation of increased transparency on the regulatory framework applicable to international trade as well as help adapt the current IT system of the customs administrations to the new business challenges and the new forms of data exchange to enhance facilitation of global trade. Besides, the measuring of action plans by a number of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and conducting the Business Process Analysis (BPA) of all procedures per product per country of origin/destination, which refer to the best practices of Member States of the European Union, will be followed by necessary simplifications in international supply chain.

In our opinion, to achieve even greater success in the implementation of the national reform programs at the national level, all countries concerned should set up Trade Facilitation Сcommittees which participants will represent the interests of both the government and business. In the process of trade facilitation policy design and implementation experts of the Committees should refer to documents on trade facilitation, developed by international organizations, especially UNECE Trade Facilitation Guide (. In particular, it is suggested to use:

§ Instruments for making readily available all relevant information of general application which include Standard 9.1 and Standard 9.2 of the Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC); the WCO recommendations on use of the worldwide web; The ICC Customs Guidelines No. 28 on publication of information; the guidelines to Chapter 9 of the RKC; the ICC Customs Guidelines No. 31; Trade facilitation implementation guide of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (TFIG UNECE).

§ Instruments for providing useful reference points to create information centers and organize trade consultations such as the ICC Customs Guidelines No. 29; the guidelines to Chapter 9 of the RKC; the ICC Customs Guidelines No. 31; Standard 1.3 of the RKC; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for advance ruling such as Standard 9.8 and Standard 9.9 of the RKC; WCO Recommendation on binding pre-entry classification information; the ICC Customs Guidelines No. 40 to 43; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for formal trade consultations such as RKC; UNECE Recommendation N.4; TFIG UNECE; Case story of Pakistan: National Trade and Transport Facilitation Committee as Effective Mechanism for Implementing Trade Facilitation Measures in Pakistan.

§ Instruments for conducting Business Process Analysis (BPA) such as the UN/CEFACT Standards; UNNEXT BPA Guide; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for document alignment such as FAL Convention; the UN Core Component Library (CCL); Recommendation No.1 “UN Layout Key for trade documents”; Recommendation No.16 UN LOCODE; The United Nations Trade Data Element Directory (UNTDED, ISO 7372); UNNeXT Guide for Document Alignment; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for implementing Single Window such as UNECE Recommendation No. 33; Case story: Single Window Implementation in Mozambique; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for issuing e-signatures such as UNECE Recommendation No. 35- Establishing a Legal Framework for an International Trade Single Window.

§ Instruments for providing risk management such as Standard 6.3 of the RKC; the Guidelines to Standard 6.3 of the Revised Kyoto Convention; risk management compendium; The ICC Customs Guidelines No. 14; TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for implementing joint border control such as Standards 3.4 and 3.5 of the RKC; Harmonized Frontiers Controls Convention; TIR Convention; The Global Facilitation Partnership for Transportation and Trade (GFPTT); TFIG UNECE.

§ Instruments for implementing border agency cooperation such as Standards 3.3 to 3.5 of the RKC; The SAFE Framework; TFIG UNECE; Case story: Interagency Collaboration for Single Window Implementation: Thailand's Experience.

§ Instruments for simplifying customs transit such as Specific Annex E of the Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC); Article 6 of Annex 8 to the International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods; TIR Convention; The ICC Customs Guideline No 24 and 25; TFIG UNECE.

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