A pair of hairclips

Mary: I’ve lost two small hairclips, Claire. They’re a pair.

Claire: Have you looked carefully everywhere?

Mary: Yes. They’re nowhere here. They just aren’t anywhere!

Claire: Have you looked upstairs?

Mary: (getting impatient) Upstairs! Downstairs! Everywhere! They just aren’t there!

Claire: Hm! Are they square, Mary?

Mary: Yes. Why?

Claire: Well, you’re wearing one of them in your hair!

Mary: Oh! Then where’s the other one?

Claire: It’s over there under the chair.

Mary: Hm!

The consonant sounds / θ / and /ð/.

I. Listen to the sound / θ / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The tip of the tongue moves forward and occupies a position between the upper and lower teeth. The air passes through the narrowing of the air-passage formed between the upper teeth and the tip of the tongue. The soft palate is raised, the vocal cords are not made to vibrate.

II. Listen and repeat.

1. Mouth, thumb, thick, path.

2. Three, thirst, thin, thread, hearth.

3. Thin, three, thanks, sheath.

III. Read these examples of the sound / θ / in initial, medial and final position.

IV. Read the sound / θ / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

V. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

· / s/ and / θ /

Mouse – mouth, sum – thumb, sick – thick, sink – think, pass – path.

· / f/ and / θ /

Free – three, first – thirst, fin – thin, Fred – thread, half – hearth.

· / t / and /θ /

Tin – thin, tree – three, tanks – thanks, sheet – sheath.

VI. Listen to the sound / ð /. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The English / ð / is formed like the English /θ/ except that the vocal cords are in vibration, the tongue is less tense and occupies a rather lower position.

VII. Listen and repeat.

4. Than, they, there, those, either.

5. Bathe, clothe, with, breathe, booth, scythe.

VIII. Read these examples of the sound / ð / in initial, medial and final position.

IX. Read the sound / ð / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

X. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

· / d/ and / ð /

Dan – than, day – they, dare – there, doze – those, Ida – either.

· / z/ and / ð /

Bays – bathe, close – clothe, whizz – with, breeze – breathe, boos – booth, size – scythe.

XI. Listen and repeat. Practise these questions and answers:

What’s this? – This is the zoo.

What are those? – Those are zebras.

What’s that? – That’s a zebu.

What’s this? – This is Z.

What’s that? – That’s zero.

What are these? – These are zips.

Who’s that? – That’s Zack.

XII. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / θ / and / ð /.

a) Martha Smith’s an author and an athlete.

b) My father and mother live together with my other brother.

ХIII. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 36.2). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds /θ / and / ð /.

36.2

- They make my clothes from this special cloth. And they sew them with thick special

cotton. There’s something special about the buttons, too.

- Mm.

- Don’t you think my clothes look rather special?

- To tell you the truth, I think your clothes look rather …

- Yes? Say what you think.

- Well yes, I suppose they do look rather special …

ХІV. Learn the following graphical rules:

ХV. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. Birds of feather flock together.

2. When three Thursdays come together.

3. Wealth is nothing without health.

ХVІ. Read the text as fast as you can and learn the following tongue twisters:

· Th e Th rong of Th ermometers.

Th e Th rong of Th ermometers from Th e Th uringian Th ermometer Folks arrived on Th ursday. Th ere were a Th ousand Th irty- Th ree Th ick Th ermometers, Th ough, instead of a Th ousand Th irty-six Th in Th ermometers, which was Th ree Th ermometers fewer Th an Th e Th ousand Th irty-six we were expecting, not to mention Th at Th ey were Th ick ones ra Th er Th an Th in ones. We Th oroughly Th ought Th at we had ordered a Th ousand Th irty-six, not a Th ousand Th irty- Th ree Th ermometers, and asked Th e Th uringian Th ermometer Folk to reship Th e Th ermometers; Th in, not Th ick. Th ey apologized for sending only a Th ousand Th irty- Th ree Th ermometers ra Th er Th an a Th ousand Th irty-six and promised to replace Th e Th ick Th ermometers wi ThTh in Th ermometers.

· There those thousand thinkers were thinking how did the other three thieves go through.

· Whether the weather be fine or whether the weather be hot,

We’ll weather the weather whatever the weather whether we like it or not.

The consonant sounds / f /, /v/ and /w/.

I. Listen to the sound / f / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The lower lip is raised to the upper front teeth and a narrowing of the air-passage is formed between the lower lip and the teeth. The air passes through this narrowing producing audible friction. The front part of the tongue is somewhat lowered, the tongue is slightly retracted from the lower teeth. The soft palate is raised and the air escapes through the mouth cavity. The vocal cords are not made to vibrate.

II. Listen and repeat.

Fin, feel, fail, fine, sniff, half.

III. Read these examples of the sound / f /.

VI. Listen and repeat.

6. Veal, vine, veil, view, leave, halve.

7. Vet, vest, van, volts, vote, vole.

VII. Read these examples of the sound / v /.

VIII. Read the sound / v / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

IX. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

· / f / and / v /

Feel – veal, fine – vine, fail – veil, few – view, leaf – leave, half – halve.

· / b / and / v /

Bet – vet, best – vest, ban – van, bolts – volts, boat – vote, bowl – vole.

X. Listen to the sound / w / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound

The lips are more or less protruded and rounded forming a small round or oval-shaped opening through which the air escapes. The tongue is in the back part of the mouth cavity, its tip being retracted from the lower teeth. The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate. The vocal cords are in vibration.

XI. Listen and repeat.

We, wheel, west, wet, wine, whale.

XII. Read these examples of the sound / w /.

XIV. Listen to the sounds / v / and / w / in contrast and repeat.

V – we, veal – wheel, vest – west, vet – wet, vine – wine, veil – whale.

XV. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / f /, / v /and / w /.

c) Frank found four frogs laughing on the floor.

d) Vera drove to Venice in a van.

e) Wendy went away twice a week.

ХVI. Listen to the dialogues (Sound Right 31.1, 32.1). Intone them. Learn and reproduce them, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / f /, / v /and / w /.

31.1

- Where’s the wagon?

- Where’s what wagon?

- The water wagon.

- What water wagon?

- The wagon with the water!

- What water?

- I want water!

- We all want water.

- Well, where’s the water?

- Good question.

32.1

- I love you, Miss Bravington.

- But how can I believe you, Mr Beaver?

- I’ll vault over the balcony, Miss Bravington.

- Vault over the balcony, Mr Beaver?

- It’ll prove my love, Miss Bravington.

- I’ll break your back, Mr Beaver.

ХVIІ. Learn the following graphical rules:

ХVIІІ. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. From the frying-pan into the fire.

2. Fight fire with fire.

3. A fault confessed is half forgotten.

4. When wine is in, wit is out.

5. Where there is a will there is a way.

ХІX. Learn the following tongue twister and read the text as fast as you can:

· The Vile VIP

When revising his visitor’s version of a plan for a very well paved avenue, the VIP was advised to reveal none of his motives. Eventually, however, the hapless visitor discovered his knavish views and confided that it was vital to review the plans together to avoid a conflict. The VIP was not convinced, and averred that he would have it vetoed by the vice president. This quite vexed the visitor, who then vowed to invent an indestructible paving compound in order to avenge his good name. The VIP found himself on the verge of a civil war with a visitor with whom he had previously conversed easily. It was only due to his insufferable vanity that the inevitable division arrived as soon as it did. Never again did the visitor converse with the vain VIP and they remained divided forever.

· I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

· Vinegar, veal, and venison,

Are very good victuals I vow.

· A weaver in Vienna weaves a wonderful velvet,

But he never wears it

As the weather is warm.

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