Human factors in aviation

Human factors is a critical aspect of aviation safety, one that ICAO began to address more than a decade ago.

ICAO convened the first in a series of global symposia on flight safety and human factors in 1990. From the beginning, when the first event was held in a city known then as Leningrad, there was a conviction that international aviation could make enormous progress in improving safety through the application of human factors knowledge.

The first symposium was a turning point and the stage for following meetings in the United States in 1993, in New Zealand in 1996 and, finally in Chile in 1999. There have been encouraging developments since 1990, but we still have challenges to pursue: after the Leningrad symposium, human error remains a significant safety concern.

The purpose of the worldwide symposia and 10 regional seminars which were held in the past decade was to increase the awareness of States, industry and organizations in all ICAO regions about the importance of human factors. The ongoing implementation of the ICAO communication, navigation, surveillance and air traffic management (CNS/ATM) systems concept has introduced new challenges, and also new possibilities for human factors. The reason the community must respond to is, of course, to ensure that civil aviation continues to achieve its ultimate goal: the safe and efficient transportation of passengers and goods.

The ICAO flight safety and human factors programme is safety–oriented and operationally relevant. Moreover, it is practical since it must deal with real problems in a real world. Through the programme, ICAO has provided the aviation community with the means and tools to anticipate human error and contain its negative consequences in the operational environment. Furthermore, ICAO’s efforts are aimed at the system – not the individual.

The global aviation safety plan (GASP) was developed by the ICAO Air Navigation Commission in 1997 and subsequently approved by the ICAO Council and endorsed by the ICAO Assembly. GASP was designed to coordinate and provide a common direction to the efforts of States and the aviation industry to the extent possible in safety matters. It is a tool that allows ICAO to focus resources and set priorities giving emphasis to those activities that will contribute the most to enhancing safety. Therefore the flight safety and human factors programme is among the six major activities that comprise the plan.

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. When did ICAO begin to address to the aspect of human factors?

2. When and where was the first symposium on flight safety held?

3. What can improve aviation safety?

4. How many symposia on flight safety were held by ICAO?

5. What was the purpose of the symposia and seminars?

6. Where can the knowledge of human factors be applied?

7. What is the ultimate goal of civil aviation?

8. What is the ICAO flight safety and human factors programme?

9. What for was the global aviation safety plan developed?

10. Why is the flight safety and human factors programme so important?

II. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на словообразующие элементы:

safe – safety – safely – unsafe

navigate – navigation – navigator – navigable – navigability

operate – operation – operative – operator – operational - operationally

industry – industrial – industrious - industrialist – industrialization

communicate – communication – communicative – communicable – communicator

progress – progressive – progression – progressionist

improve – improvement – improvable – improver

organize - organization – organizer - disorganization

efficient – efficiency – inefficient – efficiently – inefficiency

III. Найдите в тексте эквивалент следующим словосочетаниям:

знание человеческого фактора; важное дело для безопасности; идея систем связи, навигации, обзора и управления воздушным пространством и воздушным движением; программа ИКАО по безопасности полетов и человеческому фактору; план по авиационной безопасности в мировом масштабе; комиссия ИКАО по воздушной навигации; вопросы безопасности.

IV. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Человеческий фактор является одним из важнейших аспектов авиационной безопасности.

2. В течение последнего десятилетия ИКАО провела несколько симпозиумов и семинаров, связанных с человеческим фактором в авиации.

3. Знание человеческого фактора может значительно повысить безопасность полетов.

4. Для повышения безопасности новые системы связи, навигации и обзора постоянно широко внедряются.

5. Совершенствование управления воздушным движением будет продолжаться.

6. Программа по безопасности полетов и человеческому фактору является инструментом, который позволяет предупреждать человеческие ошибки при выполнении полетов.

7. Вопросы безопасности в авиации и человеческий фактор являются самыми важными в плане авиационной безопасности в мировом масштабе.

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