E X E R C I S E S

1. Give English equivalents:

Подогреватель питательной воды, топочные газы, греющая среда, поступать в котел, отработавшие газы, проходить через, состоять из, коллектор, с помощью, ниже температуры испарения, параметры пара, температура питательной воды, допускаемый предел, происходить, коррозионное разрушение, трубная доска, поддерживать, в одном направлении, в противоположном направлении, приводить к, теплопередача, вход, составная часть, выпуск воздуха, при необходимости, нагревательная поверхность, поверхность теплообмена, доступ, теплообменник.

2. Ask questions according to the model in the singular or in the plural:

1. The economizer is interposed between the boiler and stack.

2. The heat is absorbed in the economizer by the water.

3. Water walls are successfully used in various marine boiler installations.

4. The losses of heat are reduced to a minimum in the economizer.

5. Additional intermediate tube support plates are fitted within the uptake.

Ask questions according to the models:

1. The economizer consists of a series of tubes.

2. The counterflow results in a greater heat transfer.

3. The economizer forms an integral part of the boiler.

4. The feed water makes several passes across the gas stream.

1. Economizer headers connect its tubes.

2. Vertical tube plates form the sides of the uptake.

3. Efficient soot blowing arrangements reduce the possibility of an uptake fire starting.

4. Air vents provide the release of air.

3. Insert prepositions and conjunctions:

1. … the economizer flue gases are used … a heating medium.

2. The economizer is interposed … the boiler and stack.

3. The economizer is placed … the uptakes.

4. Feed water passes … the economizer … its way … the steam drum.

5. The tubes are rolled … the headers.

6. Return bends are usually connected … flange joints … straight run … tubing.

7. Feed water makes several passes … the gas stream … it passes … the economizer.

8. The water temperature … the economizer should not exceed a temperature

30°C … the corresponding evaporation temperature.

9. Minimum temperature values should be maintained …all steaming conditions.

10.The counterflow results … a greater heat transfer.

11. …the counterflow, the gases leaving the boiler enter the economizer … the end … which the water makes its exit.

12. A relief valve must be fitted … the economizer.

13. Drain valves enable the economizer to be emptied … water when required.

14. The heat exchange surfaces must be kept free … soot.

15. This is important … the interest … efficiency.

4. Answer the questions:

1. What is an economizer?

2. What is used as a heating medium in the economizer?

3. What is the economizer used for?

4. Where is the economizer interposed?

5. Does the economizer increase boiler efficiency?

6. What does a typical economizer consist of?

7. What is used when headers are not employed?

8. By what kind of joints are return bends usually connected to the straight run of tubing?

9. What is the size of the economizer steel tubes?

10. Why is it important to maintain minimum temperature values?

11. What can occur if the fed temperature falls below 115°C?

12. What kinds of plates form the sides of the uptake?

13. How are economizers classified according to their gas and water flow?

14. What are parallel and counterflow economizers?

15. Which flow is considered to be the more effective in economizers?

16. What does the counterflow in the economizer result in?

17. What must air vents be provided for?

18. What arrangements must be fitted to keep the heat exchange surfaces free from soot?

5. Translate the phrases containing comparatives and superlatives:

A great heat transfer – a greater heat transfer – the greatest heat transfer;

effective – more effective – the most effective; a large heating surface – a larger heating surface – the largest heating surface.

6. Translate into English:

1. Экономайзер – это подогреватель питательной воды.

2. Экономайзер увеличивает КПД котла.

3. Экономайзер состоит из многопетлевых трубок, по которым проходит питательная вода.

4. Трубки экономайзера омываются с внешней стороны горячими топочными газами.

5. Возвратные колена подсоединены к прямому трубопроводу с помощью фланцев.

6. Какая температура питательной воды на входе в экономайзер?

7. Противоток более эффективен, так как приводит к большей отдаче тепла.

8. На экономайзере устанавливают предохранительные клапаны, спускные дренажные клапаны и сажеобдувочные устройства.

UNIT 7

TEXT A

A Procedure for Starting and Stopping a Boiler

A boiler is one of those machineries that gets the ship going. A boiler is something, which though not required continuously in operating a ship, cannot be done away with. Moreover, it is a dangerous equipment which generates steam at extremely high pressure, and it is for this reason that proper care should be taken while operating it.

Starting a Boiler

It is to note that the following steps may not apply to all types of boilers and each boiler requires some additional steps to be followed as for its system design. However, the basic steps remain the same:

1. Ensure that the vent valve on the boiler is open and check there is no pressure in the boiler.

2. Check that the steam stop valve is closed.

3. Check that all the valves for fuel are open, and let the fuel circulate through the system until it comes to the temperature required by the manufacturer recommendation.

4. Check and open the feed water valves to the boiler and fill the water inside the boiler drum to just above the low water level. This is done because it is not possible to start the boiler below the low water level due to safety feature which prevent boiler from starting. Also, the level is not filled much because if filled too much, the water inside the boiler might expand and over pressurize the boiler.

5. Start the boiler in automatic mode. The burner fan will start the purging cycle which will remove any gases present in the furnace by forcing it out through the funnel.

6. After the pre-set purge time the pilot burner will ignite.

7. The main burner which is supplied by heavy oil catches fire with the help of pilot burner.

8. Check the combustion chamber from the sight glass to ensure the burner has lit and the flame is satisfactory.

9. Keep a close eye on the water level as the pressure increases and open the feed water when the level of water inside the gauge glass is stable.

10. Close the vent valve after the steam starts coming outside.

11. Open the steam stop valve.

12. Once the working steam pressure is reached, blow down the gauge glass and check for the alarms.

TEXT B

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