THE ISTARI

Both Gandalf and Saruman, the two most important Wizards in the westlands, used cirth (runes) as seals.

Gandalf used both a G-tengwa and a G-certh as his seals, though he seems to have preferred the certh. It was the tengwa that the Hobbit-children identified when Gandalf arrived in Hobbiton, but both in Bree and on Weathertop he only used the certh. [12]

Saruman 's soldiers had helmets decorated with an S-certh. Their black shields also portrayed a small white hand in the middle. The white hand of Saruman appears in other places as well. The hand that is drawn here is based on a proposed dustjacket design for The Two Towers by Professor Tolkien. [13]

THE KHAZÂD

Our knowledge of Dwarvish heraldic or emblematic customs is extremely limited. What we know of it comes from one sole example: the carvings on the Doors of Durin, the west gate of Moria. On the gate was seen, among other things, the emblems of Durin the Deathless. They consisted of a hammer and an anvil, surmounted by a crown which was surrounded by seven stars. The stars represented the constellation of the Valacirca, or the Plough, which Durin saw above his head when he looked into the Kheled-zâram. The Dwarves were always associated with smithying, a tribute to their maker Aule the Smith of the Valar, which should explain the hammer and anvil. [4]

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