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Software Copyrights and licenses
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Copyright laws have fairly severe restrictions on copying, distributing, and reselling software; however, a license agreement might offer additional rights to consumers. The licenses for commercial software, shareware, freeware, open source, and public domain software specify different levels of permission for software use, copying, and distribution.
Commercial software is typically sold in computer stores or at Web sites. Although you “buy” this software, you actually purchase only the right to use it under the terms of the software license.
Shareware is copyrighted software marketed under a “try before buy” policy. It typically includes a license that permits you to use software for a trial period. To use it beyond the trial period you must pay a registration fee. A shareware license usually allows you to make copies of the software and distribute them to others. If they choose to use the software, they must pay a registration fee as well.
Freeware is copyrighted software that is available for free. Because the software is protected by copyright, you cannot do anything with it that is not allowed by copyright law or by the author. Typically, the license for freeware permits you to use the software, copy it, and give it away, but does not permit you to alter it or sell it. Many utility programs, device drivers, and some games are available as freeware.
Open source software makes the uncompiled program instructions – the source code – available to programmers who want to modify and improve the software.
Public domain software is not protected by copyright because the copyright has expired, or the author has placed the program in the public domain, making it available without restriction. It may be freely copied, distributed, even resold. The primary restriction on public domain software is that you are not allowed to apply for a copyright on it.
Comprehension check. Match the beginnings of the sentences in the first column with the endings in the second.
| 1. When you install software its files | a) for different operating systems. |
| 2. Installation procedures differ | b) might end up in different folders. |
| 3. Downloadable software can be provided | c) that guides you through the installation process. |
| 4. Public domain software | d) involves a fee. |
| 5. Windows software typically contains a setup program | e) in several different formats. |
| 6. Updating to a new version usually | f) is not protected by copyright. |
Vocabulary practice
1. Put the letters in the followingwords into correct order.
tchopgiry roeisttcrin deexec susnecropm trneeqmueir rdeivsoc erceneefr
2. Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given.
1. System … specify the operating system and minimum hardware capacities required for software to work correctly.
a) requirements b) references c) replacements
2. During the … process, your computer performs many tasks, including updating the Windows Registry and Start menu.
a) uninstallation b) installation c) updating d) copyrighting
3. Linux is an example of … software.
a) open source b)freeware c) public domain d) shareware
4. A software patch is a small selection of program code that … part of the software you currently have installed.
a) activates b) replaces c) installs d) specifies
5. Public domain software is not copyrighted because the copyright has ….
a) completed b) expired c) replaced d) purchased
6. Software patches and service packs are usually ….
a) expensive b) inexpensive c) free
3. Restore the instructions for installing software from distribution media by matching the beginnings with the endings and put them into the correct order.
| 1.Start | a) the license agreement if one is presented on the screen. By agreeing to the terms of the license, you can proceed with the installation. |
| 2. Insert | b) the first distribution CD or DVD. The setup program should start automatically. |
| 3. Select | c) the prompts provided by the setup program to specify a folder to hold the new software program. |
| 4. Follow | d) the installation option that best meets your needs. |
| 5. Read | e)the program you just installed to make sure it works. |
| 6. Insert | f) multiple distribution CDs in the specified drive when the setup program prompts you. |
4. Fill in the gaps in the text.
When you _ 1 _ software, the new software files are placed in the appropriate _2 _ on your computer’s hard disk, and then your computer performs any software configurations that are necessary to make sure the program is ready to run. The _3 _ files and data files for the software are placed in the folder you specify. Windows software typically contains a _4 _ program that guides you through the installation process.
A _ 5_ is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original “work” the right to copy, distribute, sell, and modify that work, except under special circumstances described by laws. A software _ 6 _ is a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program.
Speaking. Discuss the following questions.
1. Where can I get software?
2. What is included in a typical software package?
3. How do I know if a software program will work on my computer?
4. Why is it necessary to install most software?
5. What is a software update?
6. How do I get rid of software?
7. Are all software licenses similar?
Critical thinking. Read the article and express you opinion on the problem.
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