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Introduction. This paper describes research into electronic books and publishing which has led to the design and implementation of the visual book system as a way to

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This paper describes research into electronic books and publishing which has led to the design and implementation of the visual book system as a way to validate the importance of design guidelines for the production of “good” electronic books. This study is particularly relevant in the light of the growing interest in the production of portable electronic books with the support of the Open eBook Initiative (http://www.openebook.org/status.html) which in turn has generated a considerable debate on the future of paper books (Nielsen, 1998; Schuyler, 1998; McKenna, 1998; Manes, 1999; Dorman, 1999).

The visual book experience is based on the observation that paper documentation can be organised on the basis of the translation of the concept of a library into an electronic form. In order to perform this translation effectively it is necessary to introduce an appropriate formalism which is based on the use of metaphors. Metaphors (Carroll and Mack, 1985; Carroll et al., 1988) are rhetorical tools which are used for introducing and defining new concepts by using similar ones which are already familiar to the public. They have been widely used in the design of human computer interfaces (Gentner and Nielsen, 1996).

Very often a representation consists of a number of interlinked metaphors and the way they look and work together is a crucial issue in determining their effectiveness. In the case of the library metaphor it is necessary to define first the various elements, their appearance, and their role and functionality. The entire library system therefore needs to be studied and subsequently modelled using a suitable representation for translation into electronic form. In a system oriented representation the library can be depicted as a place where two main kinds of agents – an information provider and an information user – can collaborate asynchronously. Each of them has specific roles, knowledge and needs which have to be represented in the model of the library. The physical library space has its own role and the way this is represented can influence the effectiveness of the whole metaphor.

The purpose of using metaphors which are already familiar to the user, such as the reader and the librarian, is to decrease the cognitive overhead associated with many existing information system approaches. Both document presentation and document management become more natural; in this way the computer and the human user can effectively collaborate in the production and retrieval of text. The visual book is the result of an investigation into the design of electronic books with the purpose of extracting a set of useful guidelines for the designers of the electronic books of the future.


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