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RHYME COMBINATIONS

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  1. EXERCISE 11. Arrange the following reduplicative compounds in three groups: a) reduplicatives proper, b) ablaut combinations, c) rhyming combinations.
  2. FOCUS 4. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form.
  3. How many word combinations from Unit 5 can you use?
  4. How many words and word combinations from Unit 3 do you know?
  5. How many words and word combinations from Unit 6 can you use?
  6. Insert necessary words and word-combinations into the stories. Who tells these stories? What steps must be made internationally to maintain their rights?
  7. Match the words to form word combinations.
  8. Phraseological units vs. free word-combinations. Criteria of distinction.
  9. SET EXPRESSIONS, SEMI-FIXED COMBINATIONS AND FREE PHRASES
  10. Translate the word combinations into Russian and use them in your own sentences.
  11. V.V.Vinogradovas classification of free and non-free word-combinations.

Rhyme combinations are twin forms consisting of two elements (most often two pseudo-morphemes) which are joined to rhyme: boogie-woogie, flibberty-gibberty ‘frivolous’, harum-scarum ‘disorganised’, helter-skelter ‘in disordered haste’, hoity-toity ‘snobbish’, humdrum ‘bore’, hurry-scurry ‘great hurry’, hurdy-gurdy ‘a small organ’, lovey-dovey ‘darling’, mumbo-jumbo ‘deliberate mystification, fetish’,

1 O. Jespersen, H. Koziol and the author of this book in a previous work.


namby-pamby ‘weakly sentimental’, titbit ‘a choice morsel’, willy-nilly ‘compulsorily’ (cf. Lat volens-nolens).

The choice of the basic sound cluster in some way or other is often not arbitrary but motivated, for instance, lovey-dovey is motivated in both parts, as well as willy-nilly. Hurry-scurry and a few other combinations are motivated in the first part, while the second is probably a blend if we take into consideration that in helter-skelter the second element is from obsolete skelt ‘hasten’.

About 40% of these rhyme combinations (a much higher percentage than with the ablaut combinations) are not motivated: namby-pamby, razzle-dazzle. A few are borrowed: pow-wow ‘a noisy assembly’ (an Algonquin1 word), mumbo-jumbo (from West African), but the type is purely English, and mostly modern.

The pattern is emotionally charged and chiefly colloquial, jocular, often sentimental in a babyish sort of way. The expressive character is mainly due to the effect of rhythm, rhyme and sound suggestiveness. It is intensified by endearing suffixes -y, -sie and the jocular -ty, -dy. Semantically predominant in this group are words denoting disorder, trickery, teasing names for persons, and lastly some playful nursery words. Baby-talk words are highly connotative because of their background.


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