The object and the aim of lexicology

Lexicology – from Greek lexic – word and logos – learning. It’s a branch of linguistic dealing with vocabulary of hinge and properties of words as the main units of a language. Many scholars have attempted to define a word as linguistic phenomena. Yet noun definition can be considered totally satisfactory in all aspects.

1. We denote that the word is the unit of speech and serves the purposes of human communication.

2. The word can be perceived as a total of sounds which comprise it.

3. The word viewed structurally. It has a sound form and a certain arrangement of phonemes.

It has its morphological structure and when used in actual speech it may occur in different word-forms and various meanings.

The modern approach to word studies is based on distinguishing between the external and internal structures of the word. By external structure we mean its morphological structure. The internal structure of the word or its meaning nowadays commonly referred to the word’s semantic structure.

Another structural aspect of a word is its unity. The word possesses both external and semantic unity. External unity of the word is sometimes called indivisibility. It can’t be count into parts without disturbance of meaning.

F.E. The essence of the indivisibility will be clear from the following comparison: the article “a” and prefix “a”: 1) a lion; 2) alive; 1) a black bird; 2) blackbird.

A further structure or feature of a word is its susceptibility to grammatical employment.

In speech most words can be used in different grammatical forms in which their interrelations are realized.

The word is a speech unit used for the purposes of human communication representing a group of sound possessive meaning, susceptible to grammar employment and characterized by formal and semantic unity.

The meaning of the word is not identical to notion. But it may reflect human notions and in this sense may be considered as the form of the existence.

Notions fixed in the meanings of words are found to generalized and approximately correct reflections of reality in their content. The acoustic aspect of the word serves the name of the object of reality, not to reflect them. In this respect the word may be regarded as a sign. This sign is not obituary but motivated by the whole process of its development. When a word first comes into existence, it’s also always built out of the element all ready existence of a language and according to the existing patterns otherwise it can’t be understood and will be useless in the process of communication.

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