Section 3. The protection of personality

3.1.1. Journalists must respect human personality rights and dignity. Journalists must not make untruthful allegations, and they must not use offensive expressions likely to infringe the good reputation and honour of others. Whether or not a certain specific expression is offensive shall be judged considering the facts published in, and the characteristics related to the genre of, the text in question.

3.1.2. It is an ethical offence not to consider the personal rights and emotions of victims of crimes, accidents or similar events, or the personal rights and emotions of such victims' members of families, and to present such events without respect for grief.

Names of victims must not be published until members of the victims' immediate families have been notified. Details that might identify the victims even without mentioning their names are to be avoided. (However, in case of important public personalities, these rules may not necessarily apply.)

3.1.3. When publishing the names or pictures of persons undergoing criminal procedure, the relevant pieces of law are to be respected.

3.1.4. If a fact detrimental to a subject's good name or interests has been published, subsequent judicial rulings, decisions of authorities changing this fact, or the emergence of new, crucially relevant facts shall also be published.

3.1.5. If an acting authority requests confidentiality, this request shall be considered regarding the peculiarities of the specific situation in question.

3.1.6. The protection of the personal rights of underaged persons means the avoiding publishing their names, pictures or details that could lead to their being identified, likewise avoiding endangering circumstances with regard to their upbringing. It is an ethical offence to infringe the personal rights of minors. The ethical responsibility of journalists might be established even if the infringement took place with the consent of the subject's legal representative (parent or guardian).

Children may only be represented with the consent of their parents or legal representatives; or with the consent of, respectively, their master teacher or kindergarten attendant, if reporting is to take place while children are at school or in kindergarten. If it is impossible to obtain such consent before recording the material to be published, written consent must be obtained prior to the publication (braodcastingairing) of the material. Naturally [sic] this does not apply to those cases in which minors are not represented individually but as a crowd.

3.1.7. Among personal rights, the right to privacy is to be respected. It is an extremely grave offence against the ethics of journalism to treat the personal rights of the family members of a public figure as if these rights were solely dependent on the personal rights of the public figure in question.

3.1.8. In every genre of journalism, increased attention must be paid to the protection and rights of subjects suffering from any kind of illness. (Интересная норма)

3.1.9. There are no regulations stipulating that reporting about all or any political party is compulsory. The selection of politicians for interview depends on the occasion (e.g. a programme covering an election, a round-table talk between politicians etc.), on the intentions of the journalists and editors, and on the presence of extra-parliamentary contributors (e.g. parties outside the parliament, other social organizations, professional bodies, experts etc.). If a given political party refuses to be represented, this does not exclude the possibility of the representation of other parties. (Интересная норма, касающаяся освещения деятельности политических партий)

3.2.1. It is an offence against the ethics of journalism

- to significantly modify interviewees' statements without their consent, or not to consider the changes pertaining to the content of the statements that the interviewees have asked for,

- to falsely represent something that an interviewee has not said as the interviewee's claim or opinion,

- to represent an interviewee in a biased or offensive visual or textual context, or to mislead the interviewee about the place (media organ) in which the report is to be published,

- not to present, prior to publication, the article to the interviewee if so requested.

3.2.2. Interviewees have the right to stipulate the conditions on which the interview can take place. This practice cannot be interpreted as an infringement of editorial freedom. [Interviewees] not revealing such intentions in advance might be accepted as reasonable practice in extraordinary cases.

3.2.3. It is only necessary to present, before publication, the article, text or recorded material to interviewees or participants in a programme, if those involved request it. The purpose of this practice may only be to eliminate factual errors from the text. Both parties may discontinue the interview.

3.2.4. Information must only be obtained using by legal and ethical means and ways. Eavesdropping, wire tapping and the use of hidden cameras or hidden audio recorders constitutes an offence against the ethics of journalism, as does the revealing of information which pertains to the subjects' private life and which is not authorized by the subject for publication. (Важный пункт, разъясняющий то, какие методы сбора информации легальны, а какие – нет)

Recording shall be considered "hidden" in cases where

- the recording appliance is hidden or concealed,

- the subject is not aware of the recording taking place.

However, at public events, the recording shall not be considered "hidden" even if those present are unaware of the recording taking place.

The use of hidden recordings does not constitute an ethical offence

- if it is intended to reveal illegal or anti-social activities, or

- if the objective of a television or radio show may solely be reached through the use of hidden recordings, or

- if the desired material cannot be recorded openly.

Hidden recordings must be authorised by editors-in-charge.

Telephone calls may only be recorded with the prior notification of parties.

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