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Concepts in electricity

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In casual usage, the term electricity is applied to several related concepts that are better identified by more precise terms:

· Electric charge - a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.

· Electric field - an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.

· Electric potential - the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static electric field (often referred to as voltage).

· Electric current - a movement or flow of electrically charged particles.

· Electrical energy - the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor or from the forces between charged particles.

· Electric power - the rate at which electric energy is converted to or from another energy form, such as light, heat, or mechanical energy.

Вправа 2

Знайдіть у тексті слова - інтернаціаналізми,електричні терміни, несправжні друзі перекладачів.

Вправа 3

Дати коротке визначення наступних пойнять: an atom, static electricity, electric current, direct current, alternating current, an electric circuit, an open circuit, a closed circuit.

Вправа 4

Прочитайте текст, випишіть та вивчіть незнайому лексику. Складіть анотацію до нього. Перекажіть текст згідно з анотацією.

Electric field

Michael Faraday  

The concept of electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. The electrical field force acts between two charges, in the same way that the gravitational field force acts between two masses. However, the electric field is a little bit different. Gravitational force depends on the masses of two bodies, whereas electric force depends on the electric charges of two bodies. While gravity can only pull two masses together, the electric force can be an attractive or repulsive force. If both charges are of same sign (e.g. both positive), there will be a repulsive force between the two. If the charges are opposite, there will be an attractive force between the two bodies. The magnitude of the force varies inversely with the square of the distance between the two bodies, and is also proportional to the product of the unsigned magnitudes of the two charges.

Вправа 5

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