Exporting Trade

Контрольные работы по английскому языку

Семестр

Письменная экзаменационная или зачетная работа содержит 2 варианта.

Номер варианта соответствует последней цифре зачетной книжки. Четные номера и 0 выполняют 2 вариант, нечетные номера выполняют 1 вариант.

Пример: № зачетной книжки: ОМ З. М 0 1 – 113 9. Вариант № 1.

1 вариант

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст:

Exporting Trade

When a company exports goods abroad there are many problems. It must consider, e.g. packaging, transportation, insurance and payment. First the goods must be packed carefully in containers to protect them from damage. The containers or crates must be labelled clearly to show where they are going.

Goods can be transported by sea or by air. If the goods are shipped, then transportation must be arranged from the factory to the docks (or quay). This can either be by road in trucks or by rail. The shipment must be insured against loss or damage.

Exporting brings foreign currency into the country, so governments encourage export trade by giving assistance and incentive to exporters. Often companies borrow money from exporting. This money is called export credit.

All products may be classified as being either consumer goods or industrial goods. Consumer goods are those goods purchased by individuals for their own personal use rather than for business use. Industrial goods are goods sold by one business firm to other business firms.

There are three basic categories of consumer goods:

1. Convenience goods are inexpensive goods that consumers wish to buy at the most convenient location and with a minimum of effort. Typical examples are cigarettes, candy, newspapers, etc. While consumers realize that some savings might be achieved by comparing prices at different stores, most feel that such savings would not justify the additional time and effort.

2. Shopping goods are some goods that people expect to shop for. Shopping goods carry relatively high price tags and are purchased less frequently. Examples would include automobiles, furniture and major appliances.

3. Specialty goods are goods consumers are willing to make a special effort to buy. However, they are available in only relatively few outlets in any given area. Health foods, hobby supplies, musical instruments, expensive furs and jewelry are typical examples.

Some goods are sold to industry, not to individual customers. If your product or service is designed for industrial use, you will be marketing it to lists of client’s industries such as food processors, steel mills, electronic plants or clothing factories.

In marketing industrial products and services you will be focusing on specifications, dimensions, blue prints, and technical details. Industrial customers want easy installations, on-site training of their workers, low cost, and reliability.

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How can we classify all products?

2. What goods are consumer goods?

3. How many basic categories of consumer goods do you know?

4. What goods are inexpensive goods?

5. Can you give any typical examples of specialty goods?

6. What is the difference between visible and invisible imports and exports?

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