The common features of contemporary philosophy

The basic philosophical problem “Man in his relation to the world” aimed at clearing out man’s essence, his place, role and significance in the world, and the influence of the world upon man acquired a new specific content. Our epoch has got a global character. The globalization is evident in four main forms that are as the following:

1. Despite their great diversity philosophies of the end of the XX century seem to represent the integral whole. This integrity means that the problems researched by various philosophical schools are the same. One can see the solution of these problems in common branches, though highly specific in their content that is: philosophy of history, philosophy of ecology, philosophy of peace, philosophy of culture, philosophy of morality, philosophy of spirituality etc.

2. The global character of contemporary philosophy is manifested in the total contradictoriness of doctrines, that is, the West and East, the West and Eurasia, the West and Africa, European and American mode of thinking, the West and Post-Soviet paradigm, imperial and independent tendencies.

3. Modern globalization provides legal self-approval of national specificity of any philosophical doctrine. The basic philosophical idea emphasizes: every nation aspires to sovereignty and to be able to choose its own way of development and self-realization.

4. Globalization of the XX century philosophy has got the highest top in man’s understanding his own historical mission, his uniqueness, his role and significance in the development of history. All various doctrines meet at the point that just man is both the source and the creator of good and evil. Trying to define the criteria of good and evil different philosophical schools go their own ways, but there is the universal criterion that is the harmony of the “Man - the World” relation, which is concretized by various philosophies in different forms: Man – Nature; Man – God; Man – Society; Man – Epistemology etc. As a result of such preferences new philosophical brunches appeared namely, Phenomenology, Personalism, Epistemology, Structuralism, Hermeneutics etc.

The basic tendencies in the development of the present day’s philosophy are as the following:

1.Analyzing the world experience of the traditional society and technological civilization philosophy regards man as a particular type of activity in the world directed towards two opposite vectors: on the one hand inward the self including self-contemplation, self-realization and self-control and on the other hand, outward the self that is towards ultimate altering society, nature, man himself. Philosophy contrasts existential values and man’s rationality underlining their integral unity and interaction.

2. Reciprocal influence of national cultures and philosophies upon each other, interaction of modes of thinking and philosophizing. Each philosophical system seems to realize national, regional and social problems through the attitude to both national traditions and all modern philosophy. The significance of philosophy as of the universal integrator of culture is growing.

3. The present-day philosophy is characterized by the tendency of seeking the means to approve and strengthen national cultures and philosophies, national self-realization and sovereignty in philosophical systems.

4. The most powerful tendency is to approve philosophy as a planetary thinking. Theoretical philosophy stimulates the development of a new practical philosophy entitled “Global thinking – local activity” aimed at the development of human reason. Contemporary philosophies are the best manifestations of this tendency.

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