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Word as a Linguistic Unit

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From ancient times the Word has been recognized to be the central unit of the language. Many attempts have been undertaken to give a general characterization of the word as a linguistic form. But it is hardly possible to arrive at one exhaustible definition of the Word.

Ferdinand de Saussure popularized the most workable theory that a word (or lexical item) is an association between a form and a concept. When several words are used together in a sentence, they may refer to some object in the world, i.e. their referent. This makes the Triangle of Signification, having a referent in the world but form and concept in the language.

 

form concept, sense

(in a LANGUAGE)

 

 

referent

(in a WORLD)

 

The Word is a linguistic unit, thus its ontological status is that of be­longing to the elements of lingual reality. As any other linguistic unit the Word must be characte­rized with regard to its linguistic properties. The Word is a linguistic sign. A linguistic sign, as it is commonly defined, is a bila­teral linguistic entity having its content and expression sides which correlates with the matters of concept and may indi­rectly reflect the objects and phenomena of objective reality.

The assertion that the Word is the main unit of language is not complete till it is specified that the Word is the main expressive unit of human language which ensures the thought-forming or expressive function of language, whereas the Sentence is the main communicative language unit.

 


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