The Golden State California

Семестровая работа за III семестр

По английскому языку

Тема: «The Golden State California»

Источник: http://california.us

Выполнил: студент группы ИВТ-260

Полежаев А.В.

Проверил: доцент кафедры

Карасик А.В.

Оценка работы _________________ баллов

Волгоград, 2013г.

The Golden State California

California is located in the southwestern part of the USA. It is estimated to be the richest state of the USA that is why it is also called the Golden State.

Between 1850 and 1854, San Jose, Vallejo, and San Francisco served as the temporary capital cities. In 1854, the capital city was permanently moved to Sacramento.

The main cities are Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, San Diego, San Jose, etc. The total area is about 405 000 sq. km. It is the third biggest state of the USA after Alaska and Texas. State population is about 35, 000,000. It has the highest density of population. The largest City of California is Los Angeles, which is the 2nd largest city in the USA after New York city.

In 2003 the Governor of the state California became the well-known actor Arnold Schwarzenegger.

California's history is unique. It has been shaped, in part, by its geography. California has four main regions: the temperate coastal region, the Central Valley, once an inland sea, the desert, and the mountain region. The imposing Sierra Nevada caused California to develop in relative isolation from the rest of the nation. After Americans began to settle in California in large numbers during the nineteenth century, it would usually be weeks before news would arrive to the state from the East.Four flags have flown over California: Russian, Spanish, Mexican and the United States.

The name «California» came from a knightly romance book that was published in 1510. It was about an island paradise near India where beautiful Queen Calif ia ruled over a country of beautiful black Amazons with lots of pearls and gold. Cortez's men thought they found the island in 1535, because they found pearls. Later, it was found that the island was re ally a peninsula.

The first settlers to arrive in California after the Native Americans were Spanish. Russia had some small settlements, involved in whaling and fur trapping in Northern California, but Russia didn't attempt to colonize the area except in very isolated areas. Spanish priests were sent to California to convert the Indians to Christianity. Spain hoped to make the California native population into good Spaniards, loyal to Spain.

Spain couldn't find enough Spaniards willing to leave Spain for the New World and her attempts to convert the Indians into Spaniards failed. Spain had made the same errors that the English made with the Colonies. Spain forbade New Spain from trading with any other nation besides Spain, and Spanish settlers who were born in Spain were considered to be a higher class than pure Spanish born in New Spain, Even though New Spain had adopted the culture of Spain, the Spanish restrictions would soon drive Spain from the New World just as the English had been driven out.

The English began to fight for California almost 500 years ago with Queen Elizabeth I. England had ceased to become a real threat since the American Colonists had driven England from much of the New World. England had left something dangerous in her stead. It is English culture. Though the United States was a multinational state, English culture was the overriding tie that bound these people together.

It was this discovery of gold that hastened California's statehood. By the mid nineteenth century, California became a state of the USA because of the Gold Rush which started in earnest in 1849.

On September 9,1850, President Fillmore officially made California the thirty-first state.

Winter comes early in the Californian mountains and many settlers lost their lives, if they tried to cross the hostile Sierra Nevada and penetrate to California from the eastern part of the country in winter.

The most common method of travel to California from the East for that time was by ship. Settlers would leave the East Coast and have to travel south all the way around the tip„of South America. The only other way to get to California was to get off the ship in Panama, cross the isthmus by land, and pick up a ship on the West coast of Panama that was headed north. Many travellers died of disease crossing the tropical Isthmus of Panama.

Only after the construction of the railroad which linked California to the rest of the country, California itself could offer a lot to the nation. The rich Central Valley eventually became known as the breadbasket of the world. California's mild climate allowed for year-round farming and growing of fruit and vegetables.

The State of California is the only US state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics were held in Los Angeles. Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics. Multiple games during the 1994 FIFA World Cup took place in California, with the Rose Bowl in Pasadena hosting eight matches including the final, while Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto hosted six matches.

California has nineteen major professional sports league franchises, far more than any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has seven major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. While the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises, it is also the largest metropolitan area not to have a team from the National Football League. San Diego has two major league teams, and Sacramento has one. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium.

Prior to the Gold Rush, California had more Native Americans than all the other states combined. Now California still has the largest population of Native Americans. California has one of the largest Chinese communities outside Asia in the entire world, the majority of whom live in San Francisco. California has the largest Armenian population outside Armenia. From the economical point of view California is the largest producer of goods of all the states and the largest agricultural state in the Union. California is the fifth largest economy in the world, if it were a separate country.

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