UNIT IX

THE UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION

The UN emblem shows the world held in the “olive branches of peace”.

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day.

The signing of the UN Charter in San Francisco, 1945.The purpose of the United. Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems.

There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. They meet in the General Assembly, which is the closest thing to a world parliament. Each country, large or small, rich or poor, has a single vote, however, none of the decisions taken by the Assembly are binding. Nevertheless, the Assembly's decisions become resolutions that carry the weight of world governmental opinion. The United Nations Headquarters is in New York City but the land and buildings are international territory. The United Nations has its own flag, its own post office and its own postage stamps. Six official languages are used at the United Nations - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The UN European Headquarters is in the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague. It has offices in Vienna, Austria and Economic Commissions in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Amman in Jordan, Bangkok in Thailand and Santiago in Chile. The senior officer of the United Nations Secretariat is the Secretary-General.

The Aims of the United Nations:

· To keep peace throughout the world.

· To develop friendly relations between nations.

· To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms.

· To be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims.

The Principles of the United Nations:

· All Member States have sovereign equality.

· All Member States must obey the Charter.

· Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means.

· Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force.

· The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country.

· Countries should try to assist the United Nations.

The UN Organizational Chart.

General Assembly: 192 Member States

Security Council: 5 permanent members and 10 non-permanent

Economic and social Council: 54 members

International court of Justice: 15 judges

United Nations General Assembly hall.

Main article: United Nations General Assembly

United Nations Security Council chamber.

Main article: United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Secretariat Building at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.

Peace Palace, seat of the International Court of Justice at The Hague, Netherlands

The United Nations Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfill its duties.

Specialized agencies of the United Nations
No.	Acronyms	Flag	Agency	Headquarters	Head	Established in
	FAO		Food and Agriculture Organization	Rome, Italy	Jacques Diouf
	IAEA		International Atomic Energy Agency	Vienna, Austria	Yukiya Amano
	ICAO		International Civil Aviation Organization	Montreal, Canada	Raymond Benjamin
	IFAD		International Fund for Agricultural Development	Rome, Italy	Kanayo F. Nwanze
	ILO		International Labour Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Juan Somavía	1946 (1919)
	IMO		International Maritime Organization	London, United Kingdom	Efthimios E. Mitropoulos
	IMF		International Monetary Fund	Washington, D.C., USA	Dominique Strauss-Kahn	1945 (1944)
	ITU		International Telecommunication Union	Geneva, Switzerland	Hamadoun Touré	1947 (1865)
	UNESCO		United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	Paris, France	Irina Bokova
	UNIDO		United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization	Vienna, Austria	Kandeh Yumkella
	UPU		Universal Postal Union	Berne, Switzerland	Edouard Dayan	1947 (1874)
	WB		World Bank	Washington, D.C, USA	Robert B. Zoellick	1945 (1944)
	WFP		World Food Programme	Rome, Italy	Josette Sheeran
	WHO		World Health Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Margaret Chan
	WIPO		World Intellectual Property Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Francis Gurry
	WMO		World Meteorological Organization	Geneva, Switzerland	Alexander Bedritsky	1950 (1873)
	UNWTO		World Tourism Organization	Madrid, Spain	Taleb Rifai

ASSIGNMENTS:

The United Nations system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice.

Prepare the information about the responsibilities of each organ.

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. If not, correct them.

1. The United Nations is an international organization that reaches every corner of the globe.

2. The official emblem of the United Nations is white, centered on a light ground.

3. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

4. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is located in Vienna, Austria.

5. The General Assembly is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries.

III. Translate into English:

Статут ООН, який було пiдписано 26 червня 1945 р., набрав чинностi 24 жовтня 1945 р. Цей день щорiчно вiдзначається як День Органiзацiї Об'єднаних Нацiй. Активну участь у розробцi Статуту ООН взяли представники України. Глава делегацiї України на конференцiї у Сан-Франциско, мiнiстр закордонних справ УРСР Д. Мануїльський головував у Першому комiтетi, де були розробленi Преамбула та Глава 1 "Цiлi та принципи" Статуту. Україна в числі перших пiдписала Статут i увiйшла в групу з 51 держави-засновниць ООН. Пiсля проголошення незалежностi України участь у дiяльностi Органiзацiї Об'єднаних Нацiй було визначено одним з прiоритетних напрямiв зовнiшньої полiтики нашої держави.

Як одна з держав-засновниць ООН, Україна неухильно дотримується цiлей та принципiв Статуту Органiзацiї, робить суттєвий вклад у її дiяльнiсть у сферах пiдтримання мiжнародного миру та безпеки, роззброєння, економiчного та соцiального розвитку, захисту прав людини, змiцнення мiжнародного права тощо.

Наша держава спрямовує значнi зусилля на розвиток спiвробiтництва з мiжнародними органiзацiями економiчного та екологiчного напрямку, залучення їх потенцiалу в соцiально-економiчних iнтересах України з метою прискорення iнтеграцiї нашої країни у свiтову систему господарства та вирiшення гострих проблем у сферi охорони довкiлля. Необхiднiсть вирішення згаданих завдань, якi мають ключове значення для затвердження та розбудови нашої держави, обумовила зростання ролi багатосторонньої дипломатiї як одного з найбiльш дiєвих iнструментiв реалiзацiї нацiональних iнтересiв України.

Головнi зусилля української дипломатiї на цьому напрямку спрямовуються нині на подальше ствердження функцiй мiжнародних органiзацiй як механiзмiв мобiлiзацiї, узгодження та координацiї зусиль мiжнародного спiвтовариства для вирішення глобальних проблем свiтової економiки та довкiлля.

UNIT X

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