ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS OF LIQUIDS

Lecture 5

1.Pressure.

2. Pascal’s law. dependence of liquid pressure on pole height.

3. communicating vessels

4. Archimedes force.

5. laminar and turbulent flow. the continuity equation.

6. bernoulli's equation

Glossary:

Pressure – қысым

Force – күш

Area – аудан

Surface – жазықтық

Unit – өлшем

Law – заң

Fluid (licuid) – сұйықтық

Volume – көлем

Body– дене

Weigh – салмақ

Flow – ағыс

Density – тығыздық

Friction – үйкеліс

buoyancy force – көтеруші күш

pipe – труба

viscous - тұтқыр

Pressure is the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed.

Pressure is force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Pressure is measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area. The SI unit of pressure is the newton per square metre, which is called the pascal (Pa)

Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations (initial differences) remain the same.

Communicating vessels, given to a set of containers containing a homogeneous fluid: when the liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers regardless of the shape and volume of the containers. If additional liquid is added to one vessel, the liquid will again find a new equal level in all the connected vessels.This process is occurs because gravity and pressure are constant in each vessel

Archimedes' principle: When a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid it experiences buoyancy (upward force) that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

LAMINAR & TURBULENT FLOWS

Laminar flow:

Where the fluid moves slowly in layers in a pipe, without much

mixing among the layers.(Typically occurs when the velocity is low or the fluid is very viscous.)

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