Figure 4. Water tube boilers

The basic purpose of any boiler is to convert the chemical energy in fuel into thermal energy that can be used to generate steam or hot water. Inside the combustion chamber, two fundamental processes must occur to achieve this objective. First, the fuel must be mixed with sufficient oxygen to allow sustained combustion. The heated gases produced by the combustion process must then transfer the thermal energy to a fluid such as water or steam. The design of the boilers depends on factors such as the type of fuel and the method selected to transfer thermal energy. Boilers are manufactured in a wide range of sizes to burn coal, oil, natural gas, biomass as well as other fuels and fuel combinations.

Vocabulary:

biomass ['ÄÕIqÅ·É] – биомасса;

chemical energy ["ÐÂÅIÐqÎ 'enqGI] – химическая энергия;

combustion chamber [kqÅ"ĵÉÀqÍ 'CeImbq] chamber – камера сгорания;

combustion process [kqÅ"ĵÉÀqÍ 'prquses] – процесс горения;

cylindrical vessel [ÉI"ÎIÍdÏIÐqÎ 'vesl] – цилиндрический сосуд;

diameter of shell [dÕI"·ÅIËq qv 'Sel] – диаметр кожуха

electric boiler [I"lektrIk 'bOIlq] – электрический бойлер

field of application [f°ld qv "xplI'keISn] – область применения

fire tube boiler ["faIq tj³b 'bOIlq] – дымогарный котел

firing method ["ÇÕI¶ÏIN'meTqd] – способ/метод горения

fuel combination ["Çj³¶Î "kPmbI'neISn] – горючая/топливная смесь

fuel fired ['Çj³¶Î 'faIqd] – работающий на минеральном топливе

fundamental process ["ǵÍd¶'ÅÂÍËÎ 'prquses] – основной процесс

high steam pressure [haI stJm 'ÃÏ¿q] – высокое давление пара;

oxygen ['PÐÉI»qÍ] n.– кислород;

sustained combustion [ÉqÉ'ËÂIÍÌ kqm'bAsCqn] – устойчивое /равномерное горение

thermal energy ["¾WÅqÎ 'enqGI] – термическая энергия

thermal stress ["¾WÅqÎ 'stres] – термическое напряжение

water circulation ["w²tq "ÉWÐÓq'ÎÂi¿Í] – циркуляция воды;

water tube boiler ['wLtq tjHb "bPIlq] – водотрубный котел

Answer the following questions:

1. How can boilers be classified?

2. How can boilers be divided depending on their construction?

3. What have fire tube boilers been used for?

4. What is the difference between fire tubes and water tubes?

5. What is the advantage of the water tube boiler?

6. What is the basic purpose of any boiler?

7. What two fundamental processes must occur to achieve this objective?

8. What does the design of the boilers depend on?

9. How are boilers manufactured?

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