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Translation of Phraseological Units

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  1. Be sure you know the translation of the following groups of words into
  2. By Ways of Word-for-Word or Loan Translation
  3. Exercise II. Definite the ways in which the Ukrainian units of the national lexicon are translated (or should be translated) into English.
  4. Exercise IV. Point out the sense units in the three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters below and render descriptively their meanings into Ukrainian.
  5. FAITHFUL TRANSLATION IN EUROPE
  6. GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENTS IN TRANSLATION
  7. Identification of International Lexicon Units
  8. II. A SHORT HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF EUROPEAN AND UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION
  9. III. LEXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION
  10. International System of Units
  11. LANGUAGE UNITS AND LEVELS OF THEIR FAITHFUL TRANSLATION
  12. LEVELS OF EQUIVALENCE AND THE CONCEPT OF ADEQUATE TRANSLATION

Phraseological units may be classified into three big groups:

phraseological fusions, phraseological unities and phraseological collocations.

Phraseological fusions are usually rendered by interpreting translation: to show the white feather - быть трусом; to dine with Duke Humphry - остаться без обеда. Sometimes they have word-equivalents: red tape - волокита, to pull one's leg - одурачивать, мистифицировать.

The meaning of a phraseological fusion may often be rendered by a series of alternative phrases, e.g. to go the whole hog -делать что-либо основательно, доводить до конца, не останавливаться на полумерах, идти на всё (словарь А.Кунина).

According to the principles of their translation phraseological unities can be divided into four groups;

1) Phraseological unities having Russian counterparts with the same meaning and simailar images. They can often be traced to the same prototype: biblical, mythological, etc.

All that glitters is not gold. - He всё золото, что блестит.

As a man sows, so he shall reap. - Что посеешь, то и пожнёшь.

2) Phraseological unities having the same meaning but expressing it through a-different- image.

То buy a pig in a poke. - Купить кота в мешке.

Phraseological units of the source-language sometimes have synonymous equivalents in the target-language. The choice is open to the translator and is often determined by the context.

Between the devil and the deep sea - между двух огней, между молотом и наковальней; в безвыходном положении.

In the absence of a correlated phraseological unity the translator resorts to interpreting translation.

A skeleton in the closet (cupboard) - Семейная тайна, неприятность, скрываемая от посторонних.

Target-language equivalents having a local colour should be avoided. "To carry coals to Newcastle" should not be translated by the Russian - ездить в Тулу со своим самоваром. In this case two solutions are possible: a) to preserve the image of the English phraseological unity - ездить в Ньюкасл со своим углём, b) to resort to interpreting translation - заниматься бесполезным делом.

3) Phraseological unities having no equivalents in Russian are rendered by interpreting translation. Little pitches have long ears. - Дети лобят слушать разговоры взрослых.

4)Phraseological unities having word equivalents: shake a leg - отплясывать, hang fire-мешкать,медлить,задерживаться.
Translation of Phraseological Collocations

Phraseological collocations are motivated but they are made up of words possessing specific lexical valency which accounts for a certain degree of stability in such word groups.

They may be translated by corresponding phraseological collocations of the target-language: to take part - принимать участие, to throw a glance - бросить взгляд. They may be also translated by a word (to take part - участвовать) or a free word group (to take one's temperature - измерить температуру).

 


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