Lesson 1

ЗАПАДНАЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЯ

Исторические этапы, основные школы и направления развития (XIX—XX вв.)

Учебное пособие

Редактор Д. Г. Сливко Верстка Е. В. Лаерентьевой

Лицензия № 021216 от 29.04.1997

Подписано в печать 31.08.2000 г. Формат 60 х 84 1/16 Гарнитура Таймс. Печать офсетная. Бумага газетная. Объем: 10,0 уч.-изд. л.;

10,0 усл. печ. л. Тираж 1000 экз. Заказ №263 Издательство РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена. 191186, С.-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, 48

РТП РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена. 191186, С.-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, 48

THE FIRST QUARTER

Допущено Міністерством освіти України

(Протокол Колегії Міністерства освіти України № 6/5-18 від 27.05.98 р.)

Lesson 1

Художник Н. В. СОСНІНА За автентичність текстів відповідають автори.

Плахотник В. М., Мартинова Р. Ю.

П37 Англійська мова: Підруч. для 11 кл. серед, шк.— 2-ге

вид.— К.: Освіта, 2000.— 240 с

ISBN 966-04-0450-6 ББК 81.2АНГ- 922

© В. М. Плахотник,

Р. Ю. Мартинова, 1998
© Н. В. Сосніна, художнє
ISBN 966-04-0450-6 оформлення, 1998

І. a) Look at the pictures and say:

— what the children at the bank of the river are doing;

— what the boys under the tree are doing;

— what the children in the river are doing;

— what the two boys have done;

— what they will do;

— what the children in the picture 2 are doing;

— what they will do;

— what the boy and the girl in the picture 3 are doing;

— what they will do.

b) Describe the pictures.

c) Tell your classmates how you spent your summer holi­days.

2. Answer the questions.

1. How did ycu spend your summer holidays?

2. Where were you in summer?

3. What sights did you see in summer?

4. Did you help your parents or relatives to gather in the harvest?

5. What did you do in the garden?

6. Did you take part in sports competitions?

7. Did you meet your schoolfellows in summer?

8. What books did you read in summer?

9. You are glad to meet your schoolfellows, aren't you?

3. Read the words and word-combinaiicns with the translation.

an examination [ig^semi'neij'n] — іспит, екзамен to pass examinations — складати іспити school-leaving examinations — випускні екзамени to decide [di'said] — вирішувати

to receive [ri'si:v] — 1) одержувати, діставати; 2) прий­мати (гостей)

the independent life — самостійне життя a further ['fa:6a] study — подальше навчання a labour activity — трудова діяльність to choose (chose, chosen) — вибирати to choose the road — вибирати шлях a wide rode — широкий шлях, широка дорога to choose the occupation — вибирати фах to develop [di'velap] — розвивати, удосконалювати to develop the talent — розвивати талант to develop speed — розвивати швидкість

to think very hard — добре подумати

to ask an advice — попросити поради, порадитися

to be sure — бути упевненим

to satisfy tastes — задовольняти смаки, уподобання

і Head the text and translate it.

ELEVENTH-FORMERS NOW

Now you are eleventh-formers. It means that this is your last school-year. You will pass your school-leaving examinations and Lave to decide how to use the knowledge you have received at school.

The end of school is the beginning of your independent life, the beginning of a far more serious examination connected with your further study and labour activity; To pass that examination you must choose the road in life which will open before you. You must choose the occupa­tion in which you can best develop your talents and work with the best results for you personally and for your Motherland, Ukraine,'/A wide road lies open before you. And you must think very hard and ask an advice of your parents, your teachers and your friends to be.„sure that you have chosen the right occupation in which you will be able to satisfy your own tastes and the needs of your country.

ft. a) Ask different kinds of questions to the parts of sentences given below.

b) Ask as many questions as you can to get more informa­tion from the sentences given below. (Consult §§ 53 — 58 on pages 176— 180.)

I am an eleventh-former now.

I'll pass my school-leaving examinations.

My friend is an eleventh-former.

i\*. Write down the words and word combinations into your vo­cabularies (exercise 3).

7*. Write the answers to the questions (exercise 2).

Lesson 2

8. Learn the main rules of reading vowels ['vaualz].

В англійській мові розрізняють чотири основ­них типи читання голосних:

I тип — у відкритому Наголошеному складі го-

лосні читаються за їх алфавітною наз­вою;

II тип — у закритому наголошеному складі го-

лосні читаються як короткий звук;

III тип — перед г з наступною приголосною;

IV тип - - перед г з наступною голосною.

ЧИТАННЯ ГОЛОСНИХ У РІЗНИХ ТИПАХ СКЛАДІВ

10. Read the words.

page, sad, dark, barefaced, any, wake, and, article, gar­den, same, anyone, brave, escape, fan, brave, jam, skate, art, tram, farmer, part, damp, market, yard

11. Read your answers (exercise 7).

Г.*. Ask as many questions as you can to get more information.

A wide road lies open before me.

My brother has chosen the right occupation.

ІЛ. Translate into English.

1. Я повинен вирішити, як застосувати знання, які я здобув у школі. 2. Мій друг ще не вибрав собі майбутню спеціальність. 3. Щоб скласти випускні іспити, ви повинні багато працювати. 4. Хто певний, що він обрав спеціальність, яка задовольнить його уподобання? 5. Ти вже склав випускні іспити? — Так. 6. Англійська мова — мій улюблений шкільний предмет.

II. Read and retell the joke.

English Professor: Mr. Brown, correct the sentence:

"Girls are naturally¹ better looking than boys."

Mr. Brown: Girls are artificially² better looking than boys.

Примітка. В англійській мові деякі слова читають ся не за правилами, тому в англо-укра їнських словниках наводиться тран скрипція кожного слова.

9. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading о

vowels.

A a

'naturally ['nffltjrali] — звичайно, природно Artificially [,a:ti'fifh] — штучно

15. Put the verbs into the correct tense forms. (Consult §16 on pages 146 — 148.)

1. I (to be) a pupil of the eleventh form and my friend Roman (to be) a pupil of the tenth form. 2. My little sister (not to go) to school. She (to go) to the kinder­garten. 3. My sister (not to like) to read. She (to like) to play. 4. What games he (to like) to play? 5. Many roads (to lie open) before us. 6. My friend Petro (to be) a student at the university. 7. The Dnipro (to flow) into the Black Sea.

16*. Do exercise 13 in writing.

e

7

Lesson 3

EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

17. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

Ее

18. Read the words.

else, embassy, periodical, serial, seriously, fermentation, fern, feria, ferial, feller, fellow, feel, feed, deputy, em­bassy, fresh, heck, seriation, hedge, hell, hello

19. Read your translation (exercise 16).

20. Read and retell the joke.

"What is the plural of man, Willie?" — asked the teacher. "Men," answered Willie. "And the plural of child?" "Twins¹," was the unexpected reply.

Hwins — близнята

21. Put questions to the sentences using the words and word-com­
binations given in brackets. (Consult § 56 on page 178.)

1. Marry watches TV. {How often?)

2. Some pupils do not like to do their lessons. (Why?)

3. Mar ко studies. (Where?)

4. I have breakfast in the morning. (What time?)

5. He often plays chess. (How often?)

6. We do not play football in the morning. (Why?)

7. There is a dictionary on the table. (Whose?)

8. Borys often asks questions. (What questions?}

9. He lives in Lutsk. (What street?)

22. Read the text and answer the questions.

The right to education in Ukraine is guaranteed by the Constitution (Article 53). Every boy or girl must get Hecondary education; it means that secondary education is compulsory in our country. There are state schools where education is free of charge and private primary and- secon­dary schools where pupils have to pay for their studies.

Every school has a core curriculum and a school cur­riculum. The core curriculum includes Ukrainian, Ukrain­ian Literature, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geogra­phy, World Literature, a Foreign Language and others. As each citizen of Ukraine has the right to get secondary education in the mother tongue, there are schools for national minorities in which pupils study their native language. In most of them all the school subjects are taught in that language.

After finishing the 9th form of a secondary school young people can go to the 10th form or to a vocational or tech­nical school. The kinds of secondary educational establish­ments are lyceums and gymnasiums. They offer programmes giving a profound knowledge in some field of study. After getting secondary education a school-leaver can start work­ing or enter an institute, an academy or a university. Many academies and universities have evening and extramural departments.

1. What guarantees the right to education in Ukraine?

2. Is a secondary education compulsory in Ukraine?

3. Is a secondary education free of charge?

4. Are there schools for national minorities in your town?

5. What subjects do you study in your school?

\ 6. Are you going to continue your education after fin­ishing your school? 7. You are going to enter a university, aren't you?

23. Read the joke and retell it.

"I wish," said an anxious¹ mother to her careless² son, "I wish you would pay a little attention to your arithmetic³." "Well, I do," was the reply, "I pay as little attention to it as possible."

¹anxious ['segkjas] — збентежена ²careless ['ksalis] — легковажний 'arithmetic [э'пбтэйк] — арифметика, лічба

24. a) Read the words and word-combinations with the trans­
lation.

b) Cover the left side of the page and translate into Eng­lish.

освіта

середня освіта початкова освіта початкова школа державна школа приватна школа базовий навчальний план шкільний навчальний план знання

поглиблені знання національна меншість рідна мова

рідна (материнська) мова поступити до університету вечірнє відділення заочне відділення випускник

25*. Translate into English in writing.

1. Громадяни України мають право на освіту. 2. Право на освіту гарантується Конституцією України. 3. Моя молодша сестра навчається у початковій школі. 4. На­ціональні меншини України мають право на освіту рід­ною мовою. 5. Твоя рідна мова українська, чи не так? 6. Випускники школи мають право поступити до інсти­туту, університету чи академії. 7. Твій брат навчається на вечірньому відділенні університету, чи не так?

26*. Do exercise 24 b in 40 seconds.

Lesson 4

27. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of

vowels.

li

.*.H. Read the words.

hirer, hire-system, fire-stick, fire-place, girl-friend, girl, city, dig, five, driver, die, wind, victory, dislike, film, price, fifth, girlish, wireless

Ш, Read your translation (exercise 25).

■40. Read and retell the jokes.

Professor: You can't sleep in my class. Student: If you didn't talk so loud, I could.

* * *

Professor's wife (rushing in): My goodness!¹ Our little Molly has been drinking all the ink² in the ink-bottle. What shall we do?

Professor (absent-mindedly³): I'll have to write with a pencil, my dear.

¹ My goodness ['gudms]!— Боже мій!

² ink — чорнило

^;! absent-mindedly ['sebsent'maindidh] — неуважно

Ц. Answer the questions to the text (exercise 22).

•42. Choose the necessary word fdo or does,) to each of the sentences given below.

1. I... not study at the university. 2.... he live in Lon­don? 3.... you understand the rule? 4. What... you like best, mathematics of physics? 5. What book... he like to read? 6. They... not live in Kyiv. 7.... your grandfather live in the country? 8. Where... he live?

'Л'Л. Choose the necessary word f have, haven't, has or hasn't,) to each of the sentences given below.

1. His father has got a new car,... he? 2. You haven't bought a new dress,... you? 3. Your sister has broken her pencil,... she? 4. Your mother has been to Odesa,... she? 5. You have never'been to Paris,... you? 6. You have a new dictionary,... you? 7. He has met many friends,... he? 8. Your friend hasn't got a car,... he? 9. They have greeted a new English teacher,... they?

.44*. Translate into English in writing.

1. Мій друг не любить математики. 2. Чому ти не ходиш до школи? 3. Твій батько був у Лондоні, чи не так?

4. Моя мама ніколи не була в Лондоні. 5. Твоя сестра купила цікаву книжку, чи не так? б. Ти навчаєшся у приватній школі, чи не так? 7. У кого немає англо-українського словника? 8. Ти не живеш у Києві, чи не так? 9. Хто не любить ходити в кіно? — Моя сестра.

35*. Do task 1 on pages 107 — 109.

Lesson 5

36. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

Uu

37. Read the words.

subject, butter, dust, cute, turning, duralumin, lure, jural, curtain, turning, curable, curious, due, duress, surly, surfing, surf-board, surgeon

38. Read and retell the joke.

Professor: A fool¹ can ask more questions than a wise man

can answer. Student: No wonder so many of us flunk² in our exams.

¹ fool — дурень

² flunk — провалитися (на екзамені)

39. Choose the necessary word (я orb) to each of the sentences. Write the number of the sentence and the letter of the answer.

Example: la

1. Mice... in the holes.

a — live; b — lives

2. Kate... to drink coffee in the morning.

a — like; b — likes

Л. Tom and Jim.,. to drink coffes in the morning, a — like; b — likes

4. Many pupils of our class... English books.

a — read; b — reads

5. He usually... to the radio in the evening.

a —Изіеп; b — listens

6. This girl... French and I learn English.

a — learn; b — learns

7. Men usually... to play football.

a —like; b — likes

8. Women usually... to go shopping.

a — like; b — likes

40. Read the dialogues in pairs and make up your own ones.

Shopkeeper: Good morning, Mr. Brown. What can I get for

you today? Mr. Brown: A quarter of a pound of tea, a pound of sugar

and a dozen of eggs, please. Shopkeeper: A quarter of a pound of tea, a pound of sugar

and a dozen of eggs, please. Don't you want any coffee? Mr. Brown: That's all for today. Shopkeeper: Two pounds. Thank you.

* * *

Shop-assistant: What can I do for you, madam?

Mrs. White: I want a hat.

Shop-assistant: What size? What colour?

Mrs. White: My size is 50. Red, please.

Shop-assistant: I think this hat is especially for you.

Mrs. White: Let me try it on.

Shop-assistant: It fits you well. Here is a mirror.

Mrs. White: Thank you. How much does it cost?

Shop-assistant: Five pounds. To the cashregister, please.

41*. Translate into English in writing.

1. Ми купуємо хліб щодня. 2. Ти купуєш хліб щодня, чи не так? 3. Де ти купуєш хліб? 4. Продавець допо­магає нам вибирати товари, чи не так? 5. Що ти купуєш в овочевому магазині? — Овочі, звичайно. 6. Ти ходиш до супермаркету? — Ні. Я звичайно ходжу до великої крамниці. Вона напроти мого будинку.

42. Do task 1 on pages 107—109.

1Л:

ІЗ

Lesson 6

43. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

Oo

44. Read the words.

rope, rosy, top, fox, worse, worst, world, zone, more, corn, bore, bored, boredom, forecast, core, coreless, corer, fond, folly, fog, foggy, forespoke, fort, foxy, fox-trot, got, gossip, hot, horse

45. Read your translation (exercise 41).

46. a) Read the word-combinations and sentences with the trans­lation.

b) Cover the left side of the page and translate into Eng­lish.

Let me introduce...

Let me introduce my sis­ter. Let me introduce myself.

Let me introduce Mr....

I want you to meet... Pleased to meet you./ Glad to meet you. Haven't seen you for ages. Nice to see you again. — Please, remember me to your sister (brother, your family, Mr....).

— Thanks. I certainly
will.

І hippy birthday to you!/

— Many happy returns of
the day!

— Merry Christmas!
Thank you, the same to

you.

Happy New Year! - Thanks, the same to you.

— Have a good holiday!

— Thanks, I am sure I
will (shall).

— The same to you.

— Вам (тобі) також.

Read the dialogues and make up your own ones.

Petro: Good morning, Lida. How are you?

Lida: Very well, thank you. And you?

Petro: I'm fine, thanks. Haven't seen you for a week. What was the matter with you?

Lida: There was a conference in Lviv, and I took part in it. The conference was very interesting. We discussed the problems of youth sports in our country. The discus­sion was lively and fruitful.

Petro: It's a pity I didn't take part in the conference. But I hope you will inform us about the results of it.

•к 'к *

John: Hello, Jack! Glad to see you again.

Jack: Hello, John! Haven't seen you for ages. Where have you been?

John: I've been to Ukraine.

Jack: And how long have you been there?

John: I've been there for more than a year.

Jack: And what were you doing there?

John: It was very interesting in Ukraine. First of all I studied the history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian lan­guage. And secondly I worked there as an English teacher.

■18. Some of the sentences have mistakes in the use of pronouns.

a) Write the numbers of those sentences. (Consult § 10, 11 on pages 141 — 143.)

b) Correct the mistakes.

1. She is younger than him brother. 2. I presented him some new books. 3. The girl had a nice flower in their hands. 4. It is not mine book, it is his. 5. That is not my book. 6. Hers book was on the table. 7. Where are his books? 8. Is yours book interesting?

49. Translate into English in writing.

1. На столі багато книжок. Вони мої. 2. Чия це книж­ка? — Моя. (Ця книжка моя.) 3. Це мій пенал, а то — його. 4. Чий це щоденник? — Мій. 5. Чия це школа? — Це моя школа. 6. Це моя сестра. її звуть Оксана. 7. Ми­коло, цей капелюх твій? — Ні, це його капелюх.

Lesson 7

50. Read these pairs of words. (Consult § 1 on page 133.)

achievement — achievements; actor — actors; adven­ture — adventures; age — ages; ally — allies; bottle —, bottles; box — boxes; bridge — bridges; bucket — buck­ets; carpet — carpets; century — centuries; diploma — diplomas; equipment — equipments; family — families; hotel — hotels; hour — hours; jacket — jackets; log — logs; lorry — lorries; lunch — lunches; bus — buses; animal — animals; artist — artists; aunt — aunts; boat —boats; boy — boys; cake — cakes; cap — caps; dialogue — dialogues

51. Read and try to understand. Pay attention to the plural of
the words in bold type.

ARBITRARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE

We'll begin with box, and the plural is

boxes, But the plural of ox should be oxen,

not oxes. The one fowl is a goose, but two are

called geese, Yet the plural of mouse should never

be meese.

You may find along a mouse, or a

whole nest of mice. Hut the plural of house is houses, not

hice. IГ the plural of man is always called

men, Why shouldn't the plural of pan be

called pen? The cow in the plural may be cows or

kine, But a bow, if repeated, is never called

bine; And the plural of vow is vows, never

vine. ІГ I speak of a foot, and you show me

your feet, And I give you a boot, would a pair be

called beet? If one is a tooth and a whole set are

teeth, Why shouldn't the plural of booth be

called beeth? If the singular is this and the plural is

these, Should the plural if kiss ever be

nicknamed keese? The one may be that and three would

be those, Yet hat in the plural would never be

hose, And the plural of cat is cats, not cose. We speak of a brother and also of

brethren, But though we say mother, we never

say metheren, Then the masculine pronouns are he,

his, him, But imagine the feminine she, shis and

shim!

52. Read and translate.

Mr. Smith goes walking and meets an old friend whom he hasn't seen or heard of for twenty years. The old friend says, "I've been married since we last met. We have a little daughter — here she is."

The little daughter appears and is presented to Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith says, "What's your name, little girl?" And the little girl answers, "My name is the same

as my mother's."

"Ah!" says Mr. Smith, "then your name's Margaret?"

"Yes," says the little girl.

How did Mr. Smith know that her name was Margaret?

53. Read the text and you will answer the question given at the bottom of the text in exercise 52.

The right answer, which makes the enigma¹ is that Mr. Smith's old friend'was a woman — and it is by no means unnatural that he should have known her first

name.

The English language is one in which the gender² of "friend" is not clearly indicated.

¹ enigma [I'ragma] — загадка

² gender f'd3enda] — грам, рід

54. First write down the nouns which form, the plural by means
of ending -s and then nouns which form the plural in some
other way. (Consult § 1 on page 133.)

1) tooth; 2) pen; 3) book; 4) man; 5) fox; 6) mouse; 7) go­ose; 8) boot; 9) hat; 10) mother; 11) woman; 12) leaf; 13) task; 14) foot; 15) child; 16) page; 17) roof; 18) knife

55. Translate into English in writing.

1. Багато чоловіків прийшли на стадіон. 2, Тут багато дітей, чи не так? 3. У жовтні листя на деревах жовте, чи не так? 4. Жінки звичайно бояться мишей. 5. Ця сіра пташка дуже маленька. 6. Дахи будинків були мокрі.

Lesson 8

56. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

IV7. Read your translation (exercise 55).

58. Read and retell the jokes.

An old farmer made'his wife keep a cash account¹. Each week he read it. And once he said the following, "Look here, my dear, mustard plasters², fifty cents; three teeth extracted³, two dollars! There are two dollars and a half in one week spent for your own pleasure. Do you think I'm made of money?"

cash account — рахунок витрачання грошей ' mustard ['rrustgd] plasters — гірчичники to extract [iks'traskt] — виривати

"Didn't I meet you in London?"

"No, I never was in London."

"Neither was I. It must have been two other fellows¹."

¹ fellow ['felou] — розм. хлопець, парубок, людина

Ш. Ask each other questions about your friends. Use the dialogue given below as an example.

— You have got a new friend, haven't you?

— Yes, I have. His name is Roman. He is a strong tall boy of seventeen. As far as I know you have got some new friends as well.

— Yes, I have got some new friends. We play in the same football team. Their names are Petro, Ivan, Makar and his sister.

if

— Makar is your nearest friend, isn't he?

— Yes, he is. He is the best player in our team.

— Is your friend younger than you are?

— I don't know exactly. He is some months younger or | older. He is the pupil of the eleventh form and was born in the same year as I.

— And what is Makar's sister's name?

— Her name is Lesia and she is four years younger than her brother.

— Does she play football with you?

— N6, she does not, but she is the fan of our team.

— Is she a nice girl?

— Yes, she is.

60. Put each verb into the correct tense form and read the dialogue between Roman and Antin who met in a department-store.

Antin: Hello, Roman. I haven't seen you for ages. What I... (be) you... (do) here?

Roman: I... (train) to be a shop manager.

Antin: It ...(be) very interesting.... you... (enjoy) it?

Roman: Yes, I... (like) it very much. What about you?

Antin: Well, I... not... (work) at the moment. I... (write) an article.

Roman: Really? What kind of article... (be) it?

Antin: It... (be) a scientific one. I... (study) at the university, and we... (investigate) the problem con­nected with pollution.

Roman: Oh, I see. It... (be) a pleasure to meet you. See you later!

Antin: I... (be) glad to meet you again. Good-bye!

61*. Translate into English in writing.

1. У тебе є сестра, чи не так? 2. Я написав два листи і зараз пишу третього. 3. Ти пишеш листа, чи не так? — Ні. Листа я вже написав. Зараз я пишу статтю. 4. Ти граєш у шахи? — Ні. Я не люблю грати в шахи. 5. Я граю в шахи щодня. Але зараз я граю в шашки. А що ти робиш зараз? — Я розмовляю з тобою. 6. Подивись! За­раз іде сніг. 7. Де твоя мати? — Вона снідає. 8. Давай підемо до лісу. Дощ уже не йде. 9. Я вже прочитав цю статтю і можу віддати її тобі.

62. Do task 2 on pages 109—111.

П4. Read your translation (exercise 61).

<>5. Read the text and try to understand what it is about.

OCCUPATIONS, PROFESSIONS, TRADES

An occupation is an activity of any kind for which a person has the necessary qualification and training. If you have to fill in an official form in Britain you will usually find the reading "Occupation", and if you are interviewed by an official he may ask you: "What's your occupation?" If he already has a general idea of the kind of work you do — whether you are a professional worker, a technician, a skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled manual worker — he may ask more specifically: "What's your profession?", "What's your trade?" or "What's your job?" In ordinary everyday conversation, a person who wants to know some­one's occupation will simply ask: "What's your job?", "What do you do for a living?", "What's Mr. Jones?", "What does Steve do?"

There are three main groups of occupations: profes­sions, trades, jobs.

Traditionally, profession is an occupation which re­quires mainly intellectual work and long a period of higher education at a university or an academy. Thus, we

speak of the medical profession, the teaching profession, the profession of an engineer and so on.

A trade is an occupation which demands a high level of manual skill and a certain period of practical and theoreti­cal training. Mechanics, electricians, fitters, turners, tailors, weavers, hairdressers, etc. have learned a trade.

Many occupations are neither trades nor professions. We often call these occupations "jobs". In this sense, the term job includes both unskilled and semi-skilled manual occupations on the one hand and occupations which re­quire considerable knowledge and mental skills on the other hand. The dividing lines between trades, jobs and professions are by no means always clear.

66. a) Read the words, word-combinations and sentences with the translation. b) Cover the left side of the page and translate into English.

заняття, фах заповнювати

службовець, офіційна особа офіційний бланк кваліфікований робітник напівкваліфікований робіт­ник

некваліфікований робітник фізичної праці професія, заняття, ремесло робота, служба, посада з одного боку з іншого боку значний

розумові (інтелектуальні) вміння

Як ви заробляєте на жит­тя?

67. Read the text (exercise 65) and translate it.

68. Tell your classmates what you have learned from the text "Occupations, Professions, Trades".

69*. Do task 3 on pages 111—113.

70*. Answer the questions in writing.

1. What's an occupation?

2. What do people say in ordinary conversation if they want to know someone's occupation?

8. What's a profession? I- What's a trade?

5. What examples of trades are given in the text?

6. What sorts of occupations does the term "job" include?

11 *. Do exercise 66b in 40 seconds.

Lesson 10

/'.: Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

Remember: chalk [tJo:k]; talk [to:k]; walk [work]. 7.'t. Read the words.

all-round, alter, altercate, alternative, although, balk, ball-point pen, calk, calling, chalk, fallen, falsify, falter, gall, hallway, halt, pall, salt, salty, talk, wall-eye, wall-pa­per, walrus, waltz

74. Do exercise 66 b in 40 seconds.

76. Read your answers (exercise 70).

76. Read the text and answer the questions.

LABOUR IS THE DUTY OF EVERYBODY

As you know, labour is an honourable duty of all the citizens. Everybody must work for the good of our coun­try, as the wealth of it is created by the labour of all the people. That's why it is very important for everybody to work hard.

Schoolchildren's labour is an important part of the work done by our people. Our state wants the children to enter life well prepared, with deep knowledge and a good occupation. Schools have to guide young people towards socially useful work in national economy and teach them to work honestly for the good of the society.

1. What is an honourable duty for everybody in our coun­try?

2. How is the wealth of our country created?

3. What is very important for everybody?

77. Let's practice the Present Perfect. (Consult § 26 on pages
156—157.)

a) Give three forms of the following verbs:

to be, to decide, to choose, to make, to speak, to know, to begin, to take, to write, to read, to stay, to enter, to work

b) Make up affirmative,, negative and interrogative sen­
tences in the Present Perfect using some of the verbs given
above.

Example.

1. I have already decided what I should do after finishing school.

2. I haven't yet decided what I should do after finishing school.

3. Have you already decided what you would do after
finishing school?

78. Read the dialogues in pairs and act them.

— Hello, Nick! I haven't seen you for the whole week. Where have you been all the time?

— I was at home. I didn't go anywhere because I was very busy with my preparation for the entrance exams.

— I see you have already decided what you would do after finishing school.

— Certainly. But I can't tell you about it. It's my secret.

* * *

— Hello, Helen! How are you?

— Hello, Tania! I am very well, thank you. I am so happy today! I have passed my exams to the Technical University and I am already a student.

— Best congratulations, my darling!

— And what about you, Tania? Have you entered the
University?

— No, I have changed my plans. I decided to work for a year
or so. I'll continue^my study after receiving some trade.

79*. Translate into English in writing.

1. Ти коли-небудь був у Парижі? — Ні, не був. 2. Я не

Гиічив тебе цілу вічність. Де ти був? 3. Він уже склав усі [опити. 4. Ти поступив до університету? — Так. А ти?!>. Я змінив свої плани. 6. Я ніколи не був там. А ти? 7. Він уже забув ці слова. 8. Ти ще не виконав цю ішраву? — Ще ні. Я виконаю її через годину.

Lesson 11

МО. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

au -— [o:]

autumn auto author autograph

fault Paul autobiography authority

August audience daughter autobahn

baulk bauble bauxite

aw -— [o:]

draw awful awning awkward

awe awe-struck awl bawcock

HI. Read the words and word-combinations with the translation.

dress-maker ['dres,meika] — кравчиня

baker ['beika] — пекар

electrician [llek'trijn] — електрик

fitter ['fits] —,монтер, слюсар

radio-assembler ['reidioua,sembla] — радіомонтажник

technician [tek'mjn] — технік

turner [Чэ:пэ] — токар

geologist [d3i'ol8d3ist] — геолог

agronomist [a'gronamist] — агроном

accountant [a'kauntant] — бухгалтер

adjuster [Vd3Ast9] — монтажник, складальник

weaver ['wirva] — ткач, ткаля

stewardess ['stjuadis] — стюардеса

musician [mjur'zijn] — 1) музикант; 2) композитор

conservatoire [kan'sarvatwa:] — консерваторія

publishing ['рлЫфп] house — видавництво

career [кэ'пэ] — кар'єра, професія

to make a career — зробити кар'єру

the beginning of the career — початок кар'єри

to become a geologist (mechanician, teacher) — стати

геологом (механіком, учителем)

to be able for languages — бути здібним до мов

to head a technology bureau [bjua'rou] — очолити тех­нічний відділ

on board — на борту, на кораблі; у літаку behave [bx'heiv] — поводитися

farming ['fa:min] — хліборобство; заняття сільським го­сподарством

82. Explain the meaning of the following words.

dress-maker, watch-maker, shoemaker, tool-maker, bus-driver, tram-driver, car-driver, taxi-driver, hairdresser, tailor, novelist, doctor, teacher, composer

Example: dress-maker — a person who makes women's dresses; shoemaker —a person who makes shoes and boots.

83. Read the texts about professions.

I'm Olexii Kravchenko. I'm a geologist. I think it's the most useful job, especially in such a large country as Ukraine. There are many places which are still unex­plored. Our economy needs coal, oil, gold and geologists find them. This job is very interesting and romantic.

like to be?

doctor.

geologist.

stewardess.

fitter.

technician.

weaver.

accountant.

H5*. Copy the words and word-combinations into your vocabu­laries (exercise 81).

НИ*. Translate into English in writing.

І. Я хотіла б стати стюардесою, а моя сестра — вчи­телькою. 2. Ким ти хотіла б стати? — Лікарем. 3. Я хотів би записати, але у мене немає ручки. 4. Він хотів би почитати, але у нього немає книжки. 5. Я хотів би стати інженером. А ти?

* * *

Volodymyr Savchenko is a mechanician. He is young, he is 28. He likes technique. It's coming from his family. His father and grandfather are mechanicians too. Volodymyr works in the shop where cars are made ready. He believes the job of a mechanician is very useful. Volodymyr is a good athlete. He doesn't smoke. He lives a healthy life and never gets ill.

* * *

Let me introduce myself. My name is Bohdan Seliuk. I want to be an agronomist. Farming in Ukraine needs thousands of highly-qualified specialists. That's why I decided to enter the Agrarian University. I think the work of an agronomist is very important. Besides, I like living in the country. What can be compared with the view of endless fields, green forests, flowers, rivers and hills! And it is possible I'll be a farmer.

88. Read the words and word-combinations (exercise 81).

89. Read your translation (exercise 86).

90. Do exercise 85.

Lesson 13

91. Read the texts about professions.

I'm Mykhailo Petrenko. I'm the head of the technology bureau at the plant. My wife Natalia is an accountant in a publishing house. We've got a four-year-old son Ihor. In all, the family makes 400 hryvnias a month. That is not very much, but we are at the beginning of our careers.

* * *

Victor Popov is an adjuster at the aircraft manufac­turing plant. He is an innovator. Sixteen of his innova­tions were introduced into production. Two years ago he was presented with the State Prize. Victor makes 380 hryvnias a month. He has two children. His wife is a weaver. Their family is fond of spending week-ends by the river or in the forest.

* * *

Nina Dmytrenko is a stewardess in a big airport. Nina is a beautiful girl and a very kind person. She is able for languages. She speaks English, German and works hard at French. Nina is always ready to meet the passengers and tell them how to behave during the flight.

* * *

I'm Olena Ivchenko. I am fond of music. I study at the conservatoire. I'm going to become a musician. Music is very important in today's life. It brings joy to people. Today one can hear music everywhere — at a theatre, in films, on TV, over the radio. Life would be dull without music.

92. Answer the questions.

*1. What kind of occupation attracts you most of all and why?

2. Does our country need such specialists? Why do you think so?

3. What education is necessary to acquire this occupation?

4. Will you try to get your education just after finishing school or will you work in this field for a while?

5. What is your parents' attitude to your choice?

93*. Write a composition on the topic "I am going to become...".

ai, ay

afraid again grain against

to dream

to dream of travelling

gravity

substance ['sAbstans] a spaceship ['speisjip] a satellite

to launch into space a fellow countryman a compatriot glorious

a general designer calculation

Mykhailo Yangel worked in Dnipropetrovsk at "Pivdenmash". Valentyn Hlushko was a general designer of rock­ets.

мріяти

мріяти про подорож (ман­дрівку) тяжіння

речовина, матерія космічний корабель сателіт, супутник запустити в космос земляк

співвітчизник славетний

генеральний конструктор розрахунок, обчислення Михайло Янгель працював у Дніпропетровську на за­воді «Південмаш». Валентин Глушко був гене­ральним конструктором ра­кет.

99. Read the text and translate it.

TO THE STARS

For ages mankind has dreamt of travelling in space. In 1865 Jules Verne published his famous novel "From the Earth to the Moon". It tells us how the heroes of the novel overcome the Earth's gravity due to great speed.

In his book "The First Man on the Moon" Herbert Wells invented an antigravity substance to take his men to the Moon. The spaceship, covered with this material, was able to travel in space.

Those were, however, only stories invented by fiction writers, and they seemed fantastic dreams to most people.

But many scientists were working on the problems of interplanetary travelling. Among them there were many our fellow countrymen: Olexander Zasiadko (1779—1834); Kostiantyn Kostiantynov (born in 1817 or 1818); Myko-la Kybalchych, who died at the age of 28; Kostiantyn Tsiolkovskyi who came from the glorious Cossack family of Nalyvaiko; Yurii Kondratyuk, who made calculations for the manned flight to the Moon.

On October 4, 1957 the first world's satellite was launched into space. On April 12, 1961 the spaceship with Yurii Gagarin on board, was launched into space, and the general designer of the spaceship was our fellow country­man Serhii Koroliov. He worked together with our compa­triots Mykhailo Yangel, Volodymyr Chelomii, Valentyn Hlushko and others.

In 1969 Americans sent their astronauts-to the Moon. They used the calculations of Yurii Kondratyuk.

The first cosmonaut of the independent Ukraine who was launched into space on board the American spaceship in 1997 was Leonid Kadenyuk.

100. Answer the questions.

1. What novels and stories about travelling to other
planets do you know?

2. What our compatriots, who took part in elaborating the problems of interplanetary travelling, do you know?

3. When was the first manned satellite launched?

4. Who was the first cosmonaut?

5. When did Americans send their astronauts to the Moon?

6. What was Yurii Kondratyuk famous for?

7. Who is the first cosmonaut of the independent Ukraine?

101*. Do exercise 98b in 40 seconds. 102. Do task 3 on pages? 111—113.

Lesson 14

(()."{. Read the words in columns paying attention to the reading of vowels.

igh -» [ai]

S' Й?ь' J»* H_Kht

—-------- —___Zfz____________ highway righteous

104. Do exercise 98 b in 40 seconds.

105. Read and retell the joke.

Teacher: How many fingers do you have? Bobbie: Ten.

Teacher: Well, if four were missing, what would you have

then? Bobbie: No music lessons!

106. Read the following common and decimal fractions. (Con­
sult § 9.)

■ *!• ¹- JL'j 2. _5_. 11. Si, 7». 17І. ₇JL. ₂₂2 ^a} 3' 9' 37' 7 ' 11' 23' °T V ^l<5' 'l7' ^ZZ3

b) 7.5; 15.37; 9.05; 100.05; 0.05; 0.37; 10.008; 3.07; 4.08; 0.39

107. Form ordinal numerals from the following cardinal ones.
Read and write them down in words.

1; 2; 3; 10; 4; 11; 21; 25; 43; 99; 100; 103; 123; 837; 1001; 2,375; 14,501

108. Read and write in words the following dates. (Consult § 8.)
What are these dates famous for?

l/I; 7/1; 14/1; 28/VI.1996; 24/111.1991 109*. Do task 4 on pages 114, 115. 110*. Write in words.

f; h 005; 227; 21 i; 3.75; 77.365; 4 \

О У 3 О