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Typical Activities of a Project Development Team
| 1. Closing |
| 2. Deployment and Maintenance |
| 3. Documentation |
| 4. Execution |
| 5. Feedback and Approval |
| 6. Initiation |
| 7. Monitoring and Controlling |
| 8. Planning |
| 9. Quality Control |
| 10. Risk Management |
| a. The project ……….. is the first phase in project management, and denotes the launch of the project. The activities of the project development team during the project ………..phase, includes gathering requirements from the customer and other stakeholders to prepare the project scope and project charter. The project charter is the project authorization that defines the goals, priorities, estimates, budget, and other considerations of the project. The project scope defines the objectives of the project and the nature of work proposed to complete the project. |
| b.One of the critical activities of the project development team, relates to the project …………. phase. During this phase, the project development team determines the specific tasks that need executing in order to meet the project goals, and set-up project task schedules, milestones, and deliverables. The team also plans for resources such as labor and materials, and other infrastructure to meet such deliverables. Best practices during the …………… phase include division of tasks based on a work breakdown structure (WBS), and scheduling deliverables using techniques such as, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), or Critical Path Method (CPM). |
| c.The ………………phase of project management relates to the actual implementation of project tasks to meet deliverables and milestones. The project development team ensures implementation of work, in accordance with the project scope and the laid down plans, and handling contingencies that arise during the execution. |
| d. Another of the important activities of a project development team is……………. ……………… entails maintaining records of tasks done, preparing handbooks for future maintenance, and developing detailed instructions for the customers. Depending on the nature of the project, …………… may also involve writing an application program interface. …………….. runs parallel to project execution, or may take place at the end of the closing phase, after removing all glitches, and the project is ready for handing over to the client. |
| e. Project ……………… entails supervision over the project execution phase to ensure that the project keeps to its time schedule and meets other parameters. The project development team resolves any issues or contingencies that come up, which may disrupt the project schedule. Project …………….. closely relates to the……………, and ensures that the project execution takes place with the agreed standards. In software projects, this includes validation, or ensuring that the codes developed work properly, and meet the accepted standards. |
| f. One important sub-function of project………….., is ……………. …………………. - or ensuring that the project adheres to the ……………. standards agreed in the project initiation phase. This role is crucial to catch errors, and to bring about an early resolution to these errors, before they escalate into major obstacles to smooth project execution. |
| g. When considering project development team activities, the characteristics of good project………………. must be looked at. …………………… entails handling uncertainties, and relates closely to monitoring and control. Identification of ………………takes place early in the project, during the initiation phase, and developing strategies on how to manage such things, takes place during the planning phase. Risk management during the time of project execution entails approaching the anticipated ………….. when they arise. Possible …………… include the supply chain breaking down, shortage of human resources, or any other related factor. The role of the project development team is in initiating the planned response to such………….. |
| h. Taking ……………from a client at the end of each deliverable or agreed upon milestone, is another of the important project development team activities. The purpose behind this……………, is to ensure that the client remains satisfied with the progress, and to incorporate changes suggested by the client. One major issue that many project development teams face at this stage is scope creep, or requests from clients outside the original project charter, and project scope originally specified. The extent of……………….., depends on the nature of the project and project architecture. Extreme programming architecture for instance, caters to a constant involvement of the client, whereas traditional linear programming architecture, takes client ………………. at the end of the execution phase. Satisfactory …………… leads to client approval, which denotes the end of the execution phase. |
| i. Project …………………… takes place at the end of the project, on completion of the execution phase. The role of the project development team in the ……………. stage is integration of the various modules, tying up of the loose ends, improving on the user-friendly features of the project, and adding to the overall appearance, to make the project appear attractive to the customer. |
| j. Project ………………….. entails handing over the project to the customer, and providing training to ensure the customer can use the project seamlessly. A related activity is ………………… the project at the client’s site for a year or so, to remove any bugs that may come up during real time running of the project. The success of a project depends largely on project development team activities, and the way they are approached. |
Exercise 6 Match the names of graphs with their characteristics. Draw the charts to see the visual difference.
| a. bar chart | 1. consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval |
| b. flowchart | 2. a chart with rectangular figures with lengths proportional to the values that they represent |
| c. Gantt chart | 3. shows percentage values as a slice of a cake |
| d. histogram | 4. a two-dimensional scatter plot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order |
| e. line chart | 5. a diagram that shows the structure, the relationships and relative ranks of its parts, different elements of a field of knowledge |
| f. organizational chart | 6. a specific type of diagram that has a unique network topology |
| g. pie chart | 7. represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control |
| h. tree diagram | 8. showing, in horizontal lines, activity planned to take place during specified periods, which are indicated in vertical bands [named after a US management consultant] |
| Exercise 7 Match the possible risk factors that may arise during your project’s evolution with the following lifecycle stages of your project: All Starting the project Organizing and preparing Carrying out the work Closing the project Possible Risk Factors 1. Changes are handled informally, with no consistent analysis of their effect on the overall project. 2. Key information isn’t in writing. 3. Marketplace characteristics or demands change. 4. Needs of your primary clients change. 5. No formal benefit-cost analysis has been done. 6. No formal feasibility study has been done. 7. One or more key project supporters are reassigned. 8. Parts of the plan are missing. 9. People on the project team didn’t prepare the plan. 10. People unfamiliar with similar projects prepare your project plan. 11. Project results aren’t formally approved by one or more project drivers. 12. Project team members are assigned to new projects before the current project is completed. 13. Project-progress reporting is inconsistent. 14. Some background information and/or plans aren’t in writing. 15. Some or all aspects of the plan aren’t approved by all key audiences. 16. Team members are replaced. 17. Team members who didn’t participate in the development of the project plan don’t review it. 18. You don’t know who the originator of the project idea is. 19. You have incomplete or incorrect information regarding schedule performance and resource expenditures. 20. You haven’t developed any team procedures to resolve conflicts, reach decisions, or maintain communication. 21. You haven’t made an effort to establish team identity and focus. 22. You or your team moves to a subsequent stage without completing one or more of the earlier stages. 23. You or your team spends insufficient time on one or more stages. 24. Your plan isn’t in writing. |
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