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Complete the article with Sentences A - E below
| Energy's future is trapped in the fossil fuel past | |
| In his State of the Union address, President George W. Bush proposed a $1.5bn (£900m) government research and development programme to replace the internal combustion engine with hydrogen-powered fuel cell cars. (1) … To be sure, the shift to fuel cells and a hydrogen economy will be as significant and far-reaching in its impact on the global economy and society as the steam engine and coal in the 19th century and the switch to the internal combustion engine and oil in the 20th century. (2)… Most commercial hydrogen today is extracted from natural gas but it can also be extracted from coal and oil. Even the nuclear industry has weighed in, arguing that nuclear power can be used to extract hydrogen. | The White House's enthusiasm for hydrogen suddenly becomes understandable. (3) … There is, however, another way to get hydrogen. Renewable sources of energy - wind, photovoltaic, hydrogen, geothermal and biomass - can be harnessed to produce electricity and that electricity, in turn, can be used to electrolyse water, separating the hydrogen from the oxygen for storage and later use in a fuel cell. (4) … Why twice? Because electricity generated from renewable sources of energy cannot be effectively stored. If the sun is not shining, the wind stops blowing, or water stops flowing because of drought, electricity stops being produced and the economy stops. (5) … Financial Times |
A. By using some of the electricity generated by renewables to electrolyse water and extract
hydrogen, society obtains stored energy to use at a future date.
B. Hydrogen is the lightest, most plentiful element in the universe. When it is used to generate power, heat and light, the only by-products are water and heat. But what Mr Bush did not mention was that hydrogen has to be extracted from either fossil fuels or water.
C. If fossil fuels and even nuclear power can be harnessed to produce hydrogen, the Bush
administration can have its cake and eat it too.
D. While some applauded his call to create a clean, non-polluting energy source for the 21st
century, many environmentalists were less enthusiastic. That is because there is both more and
less to his announcement than meets the eye.
E. While this second approach frees us from fossil fuel dependency and is the solution
environmentalists have dreamt of for years, it currently costs more to extract hydrogen with
renewable energy. That is because electricity has to be generated twice, first to create the electricity to electrolyse the water and grab and store the hydrogen and then to use the hydrogen to power the fuel cell.
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